Sodium hydroxide
- Titration – a quantitative analysis method to determine the volume of an acid that is required to neutralise a fixed volume of an alkali / a quantitative analysis method to determine the volume of an alkali that is required to neutralise a fixed volume of an acid.
- End point of a titration – a point which neutralisation occurs when the acid has completely neutralised the alkali / the alkali has completely neutralised the acid.
- Reactants: Acid and alkali
- Products: Salt and water
- End point can be determined by (i) the use of acid-base indicators during titration, (ii) measuring the pH values of the solution during titration and (iii) measuring the electrical conductivity of solution during titration.
| Indicator | Alkali | Neutral | Acid |
| Litmus | Blue | Orange | Red |
| Methyl orange | Yellow | Orange | Red |
| Phenolphthalein | Pink | Colourless | Colourless |
