tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-62914589430688200242023-11-16T19:22:11.514+08:00E Learning PortalSatu Program Inovasi Pendidikan di MalaysiaE-Learning Portalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14278228840381264582noreply@blogger.comBlogger227125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6291458943068820024.post-66493481882944453422013-09-13T09:39:00.002+08:002013-09-20T12:11:29.043+08:00FRASA MENARIK YANG BOLEH DIGUNAKAN UNTUK MENULIS KARANGAN <strong style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">FRASA MENARIK YANG BOLEH DIGUNAKAN UNTUK MENULIS KARANGAN </strong><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-mendepani realiti baru dunia yang pantas berubah dan berkembang</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-mendukung kebenaran yang kita sepakati</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-mengamalkan sikap dan perwatakan yang murni</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-mengambil langkah sederap</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-menghirup udara hasil kemerdekaan</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-mengikut acuan sendiri</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-mengundang kontroversi</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-menjadi cerucuk utama pembangunan</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-menjulang negara ke puncak jagat</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-menuntut setiap anak watan mengotakan aspirasi</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-menyambut gamitan menara impian</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-menyebabkan imej negara tercalar</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-menyediakan kursus dan latihan yang relevan</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-menyembunyikan masalah utama masyarakat</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-mereka lebih cenderung kepada keseronokan dan berpeleseran</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-mewujudkan masyarakat yang bermaklumat dan berpengetahuan</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-milineum baru ini pasti sahaja sarat dengan muatan cabaran reformasi</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-muafakat merupakan inti kepada perpaduan</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-negara kita akan bersih daripada unsur sosial yang tidak sihat</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-nilai keinsanan yang syumul</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-nilai-nilai material semakin memberkas dan meluas dalam masyarakat</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-pandangan pro dan kontra yang dipaparkan</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-pelbagai cabaran yang bakal menghambat</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-pelbagai masalah sosial sedang menghinggapi masyarakat</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-pembentukan masyarakat sakinah</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-pembudayaan ilmu perlu dipupuk dan dibajai oleh generasi muda masa kini</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-pendedahan oleh pihak media massa menghangatkan senario ini</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-perlu dibaja kembali</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-perubahan yang diharap masih belum menjelma</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-petanda kehancuran generasi</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-pewujudan masyarakat madani-propaganda negatif terhadap negara kita dapat ditepis</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-kita perlu mengorak langkah</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-kita tidak wajar hanya akur dengan arus yang songsang ini</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-komitmen menyeluruh agensi yang terlibat</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-kongkongan yang selama ini dianggap membelenggu</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-Masalahnya, kita mahu memberi pendapat tetapi tidak rela dikritik</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-makmur dari segi ekonomi tetapi muflis nilai kekeluargaan</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-mampu mengadunkan satu kombinasi usaha yang cukup padu</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-manifestasi kesanggupan bangsa</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-manusia bukanlah `haiwan robotik’ yang tidak mempunyai rasa dan jiwa</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-masa depan menjanjikan cabaran di luar jangkaan</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-masalah putusnya komunikasi dan jurang generasi</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-masalah sosial dan susila yang meruncing</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-masih terbelenggu dengan cara berfikir yang sempit</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-masyarakat yang naif dengan mata kebendaan yang melalaikan</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-melangkah dengan seribu kekuatan</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-melontarkan soalan yang cukup penting</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-melupakan cita-cita yang lebih luhur</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-membangunkan generasi yang berketerampilan, bersahsiah mulia dan berilmu</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-membebaskan mereka daripada belenggu kejahilan dan kegelapan</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-membenam budaya hedonistik yang tidak berfaedah</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-membetulkan ketidaktepatan fakta</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-membimbing mereka memenuhi impian</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-membina impian masa depan yang lebih gemilang</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-membongkar kepincangan</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-membuktikan sensitiviti, kepekaan dan keprihatinan mereka</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-mempengaruhi minda generasi muda</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-mempertahankan perasaan saling bersefahaman</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-mempertingkat dan memperteguh kefahaman</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-mempraktikkan elemen tolak ansur</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-memudaratkan kesejahteraan rakyat</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-menabur bakti kepada mereka yang kurang beruntung</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-menaburkan nilai kebendaan yang tidak bertahan lama</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-menagih komitmen dan pengertian serius semua pihak</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-menampilkan wajah baru yang disulami tekad</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-menangkis tuduhan yang tidak berasas</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-mencapai tahap yang mencemaskan</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-mencerminkan dengan jelas akan hakikat ini</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-mencerminkan generasi yang muflis dan tercabut daripada akar tradisinya</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-mendapat perhatian dan liputan media massa</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">-mendepani masa depan yang tidak menentu</span><br />
<br style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;" />
<strong style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">KATA-KATA HIKMAT DIGUNAKAN DALAM KARANGAN</strong><br />
<strong style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;"></strong><br style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;" />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">1. baik kaya ialah kaya hati,sebaik-baik bekal ialah takwa,seburuk-buruk buta ialah buta hati dan sebesar-besar dosa ialah berdusta.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">2. Kecantikan yang abadi terletak pada keelokkan adab dan ketinggian ilmu seseorang,bukan terletak pada wajah dan pakaiannya. (Hamka).</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">3. Orang yang takut menghadapi kesukaran selamanya tidak akan maju. ~Horne</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">4. Yang dikatakan kawan bukanlah orang yang sentiasa memuji-muji kamu, tetapi adalah orang yang dapat menunjukkan kesalahan kamu.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">5. Kalau hidup ingin merdeka, Tiada tercapai hanya berkata, Ke muka maju sekata, maju kita,elemparkan jauh jiwa hamba. ~Usman Awang</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">6. "Dan berbuatlah kamu akan kebaikan supaya kamu mendapat kemenangan." ~Surah al-Hajj:77</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">7. "Maka sifat sabar itu adalah sikap yang baik, dan hanya Allah sajalah tempat meminta pertolongan" ~Surah Yusuf:18</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">8. Berunding cerdik dengan pandai, faham dua menjadi satu.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">9. Yang paling kita perlukan dalam kehidupan ialah adanya seseorang yang selalu memberi semangat untuk melaksanakan hal-hal yang dapat kita kerjakan. ~Davey John Schwartz</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">10. "Peristiwa itu memberi pengajaran kepada saya mengenai bagaimana guru besar perlu bersikap profesional dan tidak menggunakan emosi dalam melakukan tindakan."~Tengku Habsah Tengku Petera (Presiden Kesatuan Perkhidmatan Perguruan Kebangsaan)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">11. "Satu perkara yang menakutkan saya pada masa ini ialah peningkatan gejala rasuah.Secara umumnya, lebih tinggi rasuah yang ada, lebih kurang kemerdekaan yang dimiliki." ~Profesor Diraja Ungku Aziz</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">12. Sabar penghilang penat, tekun pembawa dekat.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">13. Lebih berharga mutiara sebutir daripada pasir sepantai.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">14. Terbang bangau sepanjang hari, ke tasik jua akhirnya dicari.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">15. Biar kamu tidak cantik di mata penduduk bumi tetapi namamu menjadi perbualan penduduk langit.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">16. Siapa yang banyak bicara, banyak pula salahnya; siapa yang banyak salah, hilanglah harga dirinya; siapa yang hilang harga dirinya, bererti dia tidak warak; sedangkan orang yang tidak warak itu bererti hatinya mati. ~ Saidina Ali Abu Talib</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">17. Sabda Rasulullah s.a.w: "Akhlak yang buruk merosakkan amal seperti cuka merosakkan madu."</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">18. Kita sering mengimbas kembali kenangan lalu tetapi jarang sekali berusaha untuk mengejar impian hari esok.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">19. Manusia yang berbuat baik dengan mengharapkan sesuatu balasan bukanlah manusia yang jujur.Ketahuilah sesungguhnya pertolongan Allah itu dekat, asalkan kamu bersabar dan berpegang teguh dengan agama Allah. (surah Al-Baqarah:214)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">20. Kekitaan yang erat tiada yang berat.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">21. Belajarlah berdiri dahulu sebelum cuba untuk berlari.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">22. Orang bakhil tidak akan terlepas daripada salah satu daripada empat sifat yang membinasakan iaitu; dia akan mati dan hartanya akan diambil warisnya, lalu dibelanjakan bukan pada tempatnya atau; hartanya akan diambil secara paksa oleh penguasa yang zalim atau; hartanya menjadi rebutan orang-orang jahat dan akan</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">digunakan untuk kejahatan atau; adakalanya harta itu akan dicuri dan digunakan untuk berfoya-foya. - SAIDINA ABU BAKAR</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">23. Kekayaan yang hilang boleh dikejar dengan usaha yang bersungguh-sungguh.Kesihatan yang hilang boleh diperolehi dengan ubat-ubatan yang baik tetapi masa yang hilang sekali hilang akan terus hilang.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">24. Jadilah seperti pohon kayu yang berbuah lebat, dibaling dengan batu dibalas dengan buah.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;">25. Tunjuk menjadi telaga budi, ajar menjadi suluh hati.</span>E-Learning Portalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14278228840381264582noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6291458943068820024.post-36520690486426593652013-09-13T09:36:00.003+08:002013-09-20T12:12:01.653+08:00MENULIS KARANGAN PMR DAN SPM<br />
<div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-2340386475772019143" itemprop="description articleBody" style="background-color: #1c1c1c; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.4; position: relative; width: 768px;">
<br />
<u><strong>Karangan Berformat</strong></u><br />
Karangan dalam bahagian ini terdiri daripada syarahan, ucapan, ceramah, perbahasan, rencana, laporan, surat kiriman rasmi, surat kiriman tidak rasmi, wawancara, ulasan buku, cerpen dan drama.<br />
Setiap bentuk karangan ini mempunyai ciri-ciri tersendiri, seperti berikut:<br />
<br />
<strong>1. Perbahasan, ceramah, syarahan, ucapan</strong><br />
(menghadap majlis/kata alu-aluan, penghargaan kepada audien seperti ucapan tuan-tuan dan puan-puan, penutup)<br />
<strong>2. Surat kiriman rasmi</strong><br />
(nama dan alamat pengirim, nama dan alamat penerima, tarikh, menghadap surat, tajuk, tandatangan)<br />
<strong>3. Rencana, laporan, cerpen</strong><br />
(tajuk, nama penulis)<br />
<strong>4. Wawancara</strong><br />
(pendahuluan, berbentuk dialog)<br />
<strong>5. Ulasan buku</strong><br />
(judul buku, nama penulis, nama penerbit, nama pengulas)<br />
<strong>6. Skrip drama</strong><br />
(judul drama, nama penulis, latar tempat/masa, dialog)<br />
<u><br /></u>
<u><strong>Karangan Tidak Berformat</strong></u><br />
<u><br /></u>
Karangan tidak berformat merangkumi kategori penulisan yang berikut, iaitu perbincangan/bincangkan, perbahasan/bahaskan, ulasan, komen, fakta, pendapat, penjelasan/jelaskan, cadangan, gambaran/imaginasi.<br />
<u><br /></u>
<u><strong>MENULIS PENDAHULUAN KARANGAN</strong></u><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Jenis-jenis pendahuluan :-<br />
(i) pendahuluan jenis definisi<br />
(ii) pendahuluan jenis pendapat</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
(iii) pendahuluan jenis suasana</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
(iv) pendahuluan jenis persoalan</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
(v) pendahuluan jenis peribahasa</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<strong><u>PENDAHULUAN JENIS DEFINISI ·</u></strong></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
memberikan takrif · makna · definisi<br />
Contoh : Jenayah ditakrifkan sebagai perbuatan yang melanggar undang-undang atau peraturan.Jenayah bukan sahaja membabitkan orang dewasa malahan golongan remaja juga. Menurut kajian polis, jumlah kes jenayah telah bertambah daripada 40 021 kes pada tahun 1997 kepada 43 210 kes pada tahun 1998 Di samping itu, kesalahan yang dilakukan juga semakin serius dari semasa ke semasa.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<strong><u>PENDAHULUAN JENIS PENDAPAT -</u></strong></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
menyatakan pendapat seseorang tokoh<br />
Contoh : Menurut Y.A.B Datuk seri Dr. Mahathir Mohamad, pencemaran alam sekitar berpunca daripada kegiatan pembangunan. Walau bagaimanapun pembangunan tidak boleh dihentikan sama sekali. Apa yang perlu adalah dengan mengurangkan pencemaran tetapi dalam masa yang sama meneruskan pembangunan.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<strong><u>PENDAHULUAN JENIS SUASANA -</u></strong></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
menggambarkan sesuatu melalui suasana yang sesuai.<br />
Contoh : Bas yang berhawa dingin terus berlalu menyusur jalan yang bengkang-bengkok dengan perlahan sekali. Rasa mual dan mengantuk hilang apabila kami dihiburkan oleh abang-abang yang memandu kami . sepanjang perjalanan ke puncak Bukit Fraser , sepasang anak mataku sempat mengintai hutan rimba yang akan kami lalui nanti.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<strong><u>PENDAHULUAN JENIS PERSOALAN -</u></strong></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
mengemukakan beberapa ayat tanya yang berkaitan dengan tajuk<br />
Contoh: Setiap orang memerlukan kecemerlangan untuk menjamin kejayaan bagi diri mereka. Apakah yang dikatakan kecemerlangan ? Apakah dengan kecemerlangan boleh membuatkan seseorang itu berjaya ? Apakah dengan berdiam diri sahaja tanpa sebarang usaha seseorang itu boleh mencapai kecemerlangan ? Soalnya , apakah faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kecemerlangan ?</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<strong><u>PENDAHULUAN JENIS PERIBAHASA -</u></strong></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
memasukkan satu atau lebih peribahasa Melayu yang sesuai.<br />
Contoh: Peribahasa Melayu ' ringan sama dijinjing, berat sama dipikul' dan 'seperti aur dengan tebing ' amat sesuai ke arah mewujudkan masyarakat penyayang yang anggota-anggotanya mengamalkan sifat-sifat yang mengambarkan wujudnya hubungan kasih sayang dalam sesebuah komuniti.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<strong><u>MENULIS PERENGGAN ISI</u></strong></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Jenis-jenis perenggan:<br />
- perenggan deduktif<br />
- perenggan induktif<br />
- perenggan gabungan induktif dan deduktif</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<strong><u>PERENGGAN DEDUKTIF</u></strong></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
isi penting huraian isi contoh-contoh<br />
Contoh soalan : Laporan tentang punca-punca pelajar kurang berminat menggunakan perpustakaan sekolah. Punca pertama, walaupaun pihak perpustakaan telah cuba sedaya upaya mendapatkan buku-buku untuk kegunaan pelajar, tetapi kebanyakan buku yang disediakan sudah terlalu lama. Isi buku-buku tersebut sudah ketinggalan zaman dan tidak dapat memenuhi keperluan pelajar. lagipun terdapat banyak buku yang mengalami kerosakkan . Contohnya , masih tedapat buku-buku yang diterbitkab pada tahun 60-an dan 70-an. Isi Buku yang disediakan sudah terlalu lama Huraian Isi buku-buku tersebut sudah ketinggalan zaman dan tidak dapat memenuhi keperluan pelajar. Lagipun tedapat banyak buku yang mengalami kerosakkan. Sebagai ontohnya, masih terdapat buku-buku yang diterbitkan pada tahun 60-an dan 70-an.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<strong><u>PERENGGAN INDUKTIF</u></strong></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
huraian isi contoh-contoh isi penting<br />
Contoh soalan : Sebab-sebab berlakunya kemalangan jalan raya. Selekoh yang tajam , jalan berlopak, cahaya lampu, cahaya matahari, dan hujan juga merupakan punca terjadinya kemalangan jalan raya . Misalnya, jalan menuju ke Genting Highlandmempunyai banyak selekoh yang tajam dan berbahaya kepada pengguna jalan tersebut. Jelaslah kepada kita bahawa factor alam dan keadaan jalan raya itu sendiri juga merupakan punca berlakunya kemalangan jalan raya di negara ini. Huraian Selekoh yang tajam , jalan belopak, cahaya lampu, cahaya matahari, dan hujan juga merupakan punca terjadinya kemalangan jalan raya. Contoh Misalnya, jalan menuju ke Genting Highlands Isi Jelaslah kepada kita bahawa faktor alam dan keadaan jalan raya itu sendiri juga merupakan punca berlakunya kemalangan jalan raya di negara ini.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<strong><u>PERENGGAN GABUNGAN INDUKTIF DAN DEDUKTIF</u></strong></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
isi penting huraian isi contoh-contoh isi penting<br />
Contoh Soalan: Mengatasi masalah inflasi. Akhirnya, usaha yang sepatutnya dilakukan oleh kerajaan dalam menangani masalah ini ialah melalui kempen. Kempen yang dijalankan secara bersungguh-sungguh serta mendapat sokongan daripada semua pihak sudah tentu akan memberi kesan dan kesedaran yang positif kepada para pengguna. Misalnya , dengan menghidupkan semula laungan, "Belilah Barangan Buatan Malaysia". Oleh itu, kempen –kempen yang terancang hendaklah dilaksanakan dengan kadar yang segera agar pengguna dapat disedarkan daripada lena yang panjang. Isi Akhirnya, usaha yang sepatutnya dilakukan oleh kerajaan dalam menangani masalah ini ialah melalui kempen. Huraian Kempen yang dijalankan secara bersungguh-sungguh serta mendapat sokongan daripada semua pihak sudah tentu akan memberi kesan dan kesedaran yang positif kepada para pengguna. Contoh misalnya , dengan menghidupkan semula laungan, "Belilah Barangan Buatan Malaysia". Isi Oleh itu, kempen-kempen yang terancang hendaklah dilaksanakan dengan kadar yang segera agar pengguna dapat disedarkan daripada lena yang panjang.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<strong><u>MENULIS PERENGGAN PENUTUP -</u></strong></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Kesimpulan mestilah lembut tetapi berkesan -<br />
Jangan mengulangi isi-isi yang telah dikemukakan -<br />
Gunakan penanda wacana yang sesuai</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Contoh :-</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
(i) Kesimpulannya, kita perlulah berhati-hati apabila menerima kedatangan pekerja asing kerana pelbagai masalah sosial yang dibawa oleh mereka. Mereka seharusnya ditapis sebelum diterima bekerja di sini.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
(ii) Oleh yang demikian, marilah kita bersama-sama menjadi pengguan yang bijak dan bergabung tenaga untuk membanteras inflasi.Ini sejajar dengan wawasan Perdana Menteri kita yang berkeyakinan bahawa inflasi di Malaysia boleh mencapai nilai 0%.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
(iii) Jelaslah kepada kita bahawa semua pihak memainkan peranan yang penting dalam usaha membantu kerajaan membendung masalah inflasi merupakan masalah kita bersama. Masalah inflasi tidak akan menjadi gawat dan membimbangkan sekiranya semua pihak mempunyai kesedaran.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
(iv) Natijahnya, sektor perindustrian bukan sahaja mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi Negara malah mengembleng tenaga belia ke arah penerokaan suatu bidang baru . Oleh itu, langkah-langkah yang sewajarnya harus diambil oleh pihak kerajaan bagi membendung pelbagai masalah negatif dalam sektor ini untuk menjamin keutuhan dan kejayaannn sektor perindustrian di Malaysia.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
(v) Pada keseluruhannya, lawatan sambil belajar itu sungguh berjaya. Menurut beberapa orang ahli yang ditemu ramah, mereka sedar bahawa kegiataan penubaan ikan merupakan satu cara yang tidak bermoral. Sebaliknya , penternakan ikan di dalam sangkar perlu digalakkan bagi mendapatkan hasil yang lumayan di samping dapat mengelakkan keracunan dan pencemaran sungai.</div>
<br />
<strong><u>PANDUAN MEMBUAT PERENGGAN :</u></strong><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
Untuk menghasilkan perenggan yang baik dan berkesan :<br />
1. Tentukan ayat-ayatnya berkait.<br />
2. Ada kesatuan dan pertautan isi.<br />
3. Kesatuan hanya dapat dicapai jika isi yang berkait sahaja dipilih.<br />
4. Pertautan pula dapat dicapai dengan menggunakan penanda wacana. Contohnya: selain itu, tambahan lagi, di samping itu, juga, seterusnya dan selanjutnya.<br />
<br />
<strong><u>PERENGGAN DALAM KARANGAN RESPONS TERBUKA.</u></strong><br />
1. Perenggan pengenalan<br />
2. Perenggan isi<br />
3. Perenggan kesimpulan<br />
<br />
<strong>PERENGGAN PENGENALAN :</strong><br />
Terdapat dua jenis ayat dalam perenggan pengenalan karangan respons terbuka iaitu :<br />
1. Ayat rangsangan.<br />
2. Ayat arah.<br />
<br />
<strong>AYAT RANGSANGAN </strong>:<br />
Ayat rangsangan ialah ayat yang berkaitan dengan tema atau soalan karangan. Kebiasaannya, ayat 1 hingga ayat 4 pengenalan merupakan ayat rangsangan (AR). Ayat rangsangan tidak membincangkan perkara yang akan disentuh dalam perenggan isi.<br />
<br />
Soalan contoh :<br />
Pada pendapat anda, apakah kesan-kesan yang akan timbul jika peperangan terus berlaku ?<br />
(AR1) : Dalam tempoh 10 tahun belakangan ini, peperangan telah berlaku di merata-rata kawasan di dunia ini.<br />
(AR2) : Peperangan ini melibatkan negara-negara yang berjiran atau negara-negara yang mempunyai idealogi yang bertentangan.<br />
(AR3) : Peperangan juga berlaku disebabkan oleh sikap sesetengah kuasa besar yang ingin menguasai negara kecil demi memenuhi kepentingan ekonomi mereka atau amaran kepada negara lain.<br />
(AR4) : Dalam akhir abad yang lalu, negara Bosnia telah berperang dengan negara Serbia, Amerika Syarikat telah menyerang negara Afganistan dan Iraq, dan banyak lagi.<br />
<br />
<strong>AYAT ARAH :</strong><br />
Ayat arah ialah ayat yang menjawab soalan karangan. Ayat ini ialah ayat yang menjurus kepada kehendak karangan atau ayat yang menyatakan fokus utama perbincangan karangan.<br />
Soalan contoh :<br />
Pada pendapat anda, apakah kesan-kesan yang akan timbul jika peperangan terus berlaku ?<br />
<br />
Ayat arah :<br />
Kesemua siri peperangan yang berlaku ini sebenarnya banyak menimbulkan kesan yang negatif, baik kepada negara mahupun kepada masyarakat dunia yang lain.<br />
<br />
<strong>PERENGGAN ISI :</strong><br />
1. APAKAH AYAT TOPIK ?<br />
Ayat topik menyatakan isi utama yang ingin disampaikan dalam sesuatu perenggan. Ayat topik mempunyai perkara pokok atau satu aspek yang ingin dinyatakan tentang perkara pokok tersebut. Biasanya pernyataan sesuatu aspek itu akan dapat memberikan fokus kepada penulis dan pembaca. Ayat topik bertindak sebagai satu kawalan dalam penulisan isi (isi sokongan) dalam sesuatu penulisan.<br />
<br />
2. APAKAH AYAT HURAIAN ?<br />
Ayat topik perlu disokong oleh ayat huraian yang terdiri daripada isi sokongan. Isi sokongan pula boleh didapati dalam pelbagai bentuk seperti fakta, pendapat, peristiwa, sebab dan akibat, statistik dan contoh. Biasanya, isi sokongan dapat memberikan bukti, menghuraikan idea atau menjawab soalan yang dikemukakan oleh isi utama dalam ayat topik, dan isi tersebut mestilah berkait antara satu sama lain. Dalam penghasilan isi dan penulisan ayat huraian, isi kawalan dalam ayat topik menjadi dasar utama.<br />
<br />
3. APAKAH AYAT PENYIMPUL ?<br />
Ayat penyimpul terdiri daripada tiga jenis iaitu :<br />
1. Ayat yang menyatakan semula ayat topik.<br />
2. Ayat yang menyimpul keseluruhan isi dalam perenggan.<br />
3. Ayat menyimpul yang menghubungkan perenggan.<br />
<br />
4. MASUKKAN PERIBAHASA ATAU UNGKAPAN MENARIK YANG RELEVEN DENGAN TOPIK YANG DISENTUH.<br />
Soalan contoh :<br />
Pada pendapat anda, apakah kesan-kesan yang akan timbul jika peperangan terus berlaku ?<br />
Contoh peribahasa/ ungkapan yang boleh digunakan:<br />
1. Kalah jadi abu, menang jadi arang.<br />
2. Jong pecah yu kenyang.<br />
3. Kalau terbakar padang, maka terbakar belalang.<br />
4. Air mata jatuh ke perut.<br />
<br />
PERENGGAN PENUTUP :<br />
Penutup merupakan kesimpulan daripada huraian yang telah ditulis dalam perenggan isi. Penutup merupakan rumusan menyeluruh yang merangkumkan keseluruhan karangan dalam satu penerangan yang padat. Tanpa kesimpulan, karangan berkenaan dikatakan tidak lengkap atau tidak sempurna.<br />
<br />
JENIS AYAT DALAM PERENGGAN PENUTUP:<br />
1. Ayat kesimpulan umum<br />
2. Ayat pendapat<br />
3. Ayat cadangan<br />
4. Ayat komen<br />
5. Ayat penilaian<br />
6. Ayat harapan<br />
7. Ayat penutup<br />
<br />
Ayat kesimpulan umum : Masalah disiplin.<br />
Tuntasnya, jelaslah bahawa masalah disiplin yang berlaku dalam karangan murid di sekolah disebabkan oleh kurangnya kasih sayang daripada keluarga.<br />
<br />
Ayat pendapat : Kesan peperangan.<br />
Kesimpulannya, semua peperangan yang berlaku di mana-mana bahagian dunia ini banyak membawa kesan buruk, baik kepada negara itu sendiri mahupun kepada negara lain.<br />
<br />
Ayat cadangan : Kesan peperangan.<br />
Oleh itu, setiap pihak atau negara yang berkenaan mestilah mencari jalan yang terbaik atau berunding supaya peperangan dapat dielakkan.<br />
<br />
Ayat komen : Ulasan cerpen.<br />
Cerpen ini mampu untuk memberikan kesedaran, khususnya kepada remaja, betapa kejayaan dapat dicapai oleh sesiapa sahaja jika ada kesungguhan, kecekalan, semangat, dan kemahuan yang tinggi.<br />
<br />
Ayat penilaian : Kesan peperangan.<br />
Jika langkah ini tidak diambil, negara di seluruh dunia akan menghadapi masalah atau menerima kesan daripada peperangan tersebut.<br />
<br />
Ayat harapan : Kepentingan perpaduan.<br />
Jadi, rakyat harus sedar akan kepentingan perpaduan kerana sekali perpaduan itu runtuh, maka susah untuk mewujudkannya semula.Ingatlah pepatah Melayu yang mengatakan bahawa bersatu kita teguh, bercerai kita roboh.<br />
<br />
Ayat Penutup: Kesan peperangan<br />
Peperangan merupakan kejadian yang sia-sia kerana peperangan ini tidak membawa kebaikan kepada mana-mana pihak seperti yang terungkap dalam pepatah Melayu kalah jadi abu, menang jadi arang.<br />
<br />
Rujukan:<br />
1. Buku teks Bahasa Melayu Tingkatan 4, DBP.<br />
2. Abdul Ghalib Yunus ; Dr Ghazali Lateh, Esensi Bahasa Malaysia SPM, Longman.<br />
<br /></div>
</div>
E-Learning Portalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14278228840381264582noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6291458943068820024.post-88689181817774875772012-06-29T11:09:00.000+08:002012-07-19T21:39:34.191+08:00PERSEDIAAN AWAL UNTUK TISU KULTUR<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ltbdM3boWmU&feature=player_embedded#%21" target="_blank"><img border="0" height="294" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYfHNLsA2AtrVRYPe8wQ-pJeAnsJo9MqrFsfZKgZpPzF9fy0eIN_8RTpsG2auGmUytX9nqojTtyyusCp9mrSe6I_hDn48R4dQMtplkRMW7RO36NrQnJ-0MXy4PHrLLg9_cN61jWfA73wBA/s320/a.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/ltbdM3boWmU?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe><span id="goog_1310792414"></span><span id="goog_1310792415"></span></div>
BEGINI CARA UNTUK MENYEDIAKAN MEDIAM SEBELUM JALANI TISU KULTURE-Learning Portalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14278228840381264582noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6291458943068820024.post-69154765789677086002012-06-28T16:25:00.001+08:002012-07-04T11:29:59.060+08:00(KH) Tingkatan 2 TANAMAN HIASAN<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgau1VlvkiOW_nhgdNTDhps8Sau5anhHTuYGnl7tvnWQYAigROp1AExGrBZ7IjWjVZ7nDroDl_XIrs1UF1BqLA8YlMF5pJXS4GqglSEafTvjh8svnaBp_fYcyzJtZw5XraXMOEbTWVSM_T2/s1600/images.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgau1VlvkiOW_nhgdNTDhps8Sau5anhHTuYGnl7tvnWQYAigROp1AExGrBZ7IjWjVZ7nDroDl_XIrs1UF1BqLA8YlMF5pJXS4GqglSEafTvjh8svnaBp_fYcyzJtZw5XraXMOEbTWVSM_T2/s1600/images.jpg" /></a></div>
<div style="color: cyan;">
<br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /></div>
<div style="color: cyan;">
</div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: cyan; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" style="color: cyan; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">TANAMAN HIASAN</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: cyan; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">A.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Pemasuan Semula</span></b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: cyan; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Kelebihan menanam tanaman dalam pasu</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: cyan; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>i.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Tanaman mudah dialihkan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: cyan; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>ii.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Tidak memerlukan kawasan yang luas</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: cyan; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>iii.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Boleh disusun dengan susunan yang menarik</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: cyan; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Kekurangan menanam tanaman dalam pasu</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: cyan; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>i.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Terhad kepada beberapa jenis tanaman kecil sahaja</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: cyan; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>ii.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">untuk tanaman jangka masa singkat sahaja</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: cyan; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>iii.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">perlu pemasuan semula apabila tanaman kurang subur</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: cyan; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><a href="http://www.freewebs.com/khbdua/pemasuansemula.htm" style="text-decoration: none;" target=" ">Sebab-sebab pemasuan semula</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: cyan; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>i.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Pasu retak atau pecah</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: cyan; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>ii.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Pasu terlalu padat dengan akar tanaman</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: cyan; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>iii.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Tanaman terlalu besar atau terlalu merimbun</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: cyan; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>iv.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Tanaman tidak lagi subur akibat kekurangan nutrien</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: cyan; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>v.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Tanaman kurang segar dan berpenyakit</span></div>
<div align="center" style="color: cyan; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="margin-left: 1in; width: 805px;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="color: cyan; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
Pasu retak hendaklah ditukar</div>
</td><td style="color: cyan; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
Tanaman hiasan terlalu merimbun</div>
</td><td style="color: cyan; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
Akar keluar daripada lubang saliran</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: cyan; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Menyediakan Medium Pemasuan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: cyan; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>i.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Medium memasu terdiri dari i. Tanah loam ii. Bahan Organik iii. Pasir Sungai</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: cyan; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>ii.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Nisbah medium memasu ialah</span></div>
<div align="center" style="color: cyan; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="margin-left: 1.5in;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="color: cyan; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
Tanah Loam</div>
</td><td style="color: cyan; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
Bahan Organik</div>
</td><td style="color: cyan; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
Pasir Sungai</div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="color: cyan; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
3</div>
</td><td style="color: cyan; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
2</div>
</td><td style="color: cyan; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
1</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: cyan; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>iii.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Semua bahan medium hendaklah ditapis agar menjadi lebih halus dan tidak mengandungi bahan asing.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: cyan; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>iv.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Sukat bahan medium dengan nisbah 3:2:1 atau 7:3:2</span></div>
<div align="center" style="color: cyan; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><br />Campuran medium memasu</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: cyan; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>v.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Gaulkan sehingga rata</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: cyan; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Alatan Pemasuan Semula</span></b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"></span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="color: cyan; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; width: 466px;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
Baldi<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br />
Bal</div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
Penapis</div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
Baldi<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br />
Skop</div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
Penyiram</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: cyan; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">B.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Memilih Pasu</span></b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: cyan; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>i.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Pasu boleh dibeli atau menggunakan semula pasu sedia ada</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: cyan; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>ii.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Di pasaran terdapat beberapa jenis pasu</span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="color: cyan; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; width: 649px;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
Pasu tanah liat</div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
Pasu plastik</div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
Pasu seramik</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: cyan; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>iii.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Pasu boleh didapati dalam pelbagai saiz , kecil, besar leper dab gantung</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: cyan; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">C.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Menyediakan Pasu</span></b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: cyan; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span> .<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Pilih jenis pasu yang sesuai dengan tanaman dan kedudukan letak pasu tersebut</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: cyan; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>i.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Pilih pasu yang lebih besar daripada pasu asal</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: cyan; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>ii.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Jika menggunakan pasu baru , rendam semalaman dalam air</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: cyan; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>iii.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Jika menggunakan pasu terpakai, rendam dalam larutan formalin semalaman untuk membunuh bakteria</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: cyan; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>iv.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Tutup lubang pasu dengan serpihan pasu atau dengan batu kelikir untuk menggelakkan medium keluar ketika menyiram</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: cyan; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">D.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Langkah-langkah Pemasuan Semula</span></b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: cyan; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span> .<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Lembabkan medium tanaman<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br />Medium disiram untuk melembabkannya</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: cyan; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>i.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Pangkas / buangkan akar yang terkeluar daripada lubang saliran</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: cyan; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>ii.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Pegang pangkal pokok dan tarik keluar tanaman daripada pasu</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: cyan; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>iii.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Jika tidak berjaya , tunggingkan pasu dan ketuk perlahan-lahan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: cyan; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>iv.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Apabila telah keluar ,pangkas /buang dahan-dahan yang tidak diperlukan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: cyan; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>v.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Buang 1/3 daripada medium yang lama<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br />Buang medium dengan sudip tangan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: cyan; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>vi.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Gunakan pasu baru yang lebih besar atau basuh dan bersihkan pasu.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: cyan; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>vii.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Masukan medium baru 1/3 dalam pasu.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: cyan; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>viii.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Masukan tanaman hiasan tersebut<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br />Masukan tanaman hiasan ke dalam pasu yang disediakan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: cyan; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>ix.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Tambahkan medium sehingga 2.5 cm daripada bibir pasu.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: cyan; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>x.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Siram dan letakkan ditempat yang teduh</span></div>
<div align="center" style="color: cyan; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><br />Memasu juga adalah proses memindahkan anak pokok daripada beg poli ke dalam pasu</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: cyan; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">E.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Penjagaan tanaman</span></b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"></span></div>
<div align="center" style="color: cyan; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="margin-left: 0.5in; width: 449px;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="color: cyan; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Symbol;">·</span> Menyiram</div>
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt;"> </span>o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Penyiraman dilakukan pagi dan petang</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt;"> </span>o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Gunakan alat penyiram yang mempunyai muncung halus</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt;"> </span>o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>air siraman akan melarutkan nutrien dan membantu proses fotosintisis</div>
</td><td style="color: cyan; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Symbol;">·</span> Membaja</div>
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<br />
Membaja</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt;"> </span>o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Membaja akan membolehkan pokok terus hidup dan subur</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt;"> </span>o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Gunakan baja organik atau baja kimia</div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="color: cyan; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Symbol;">·</span> Merumput</div>
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt;"> </span>o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Merumput bermaksud membuang rumput rumpai</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt;"> </span>o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Rumput rumpai adalah tumbuhan yang tidak diperlukan oleh tanaman di dalam pasu</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt;"> </span>o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Rumput rumpai adalah pesaing tanaman untuk mendapatkan nutrien , air dan ruang</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt;"> </span>o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Rumput rumpai boleh dibuang dengan menggunakan tangan atau serampangan tangan</div>
</td><td style="color: cyan; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Symbol;">·</span> Mengembur</div>
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt;"> </span>o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Menggembur bermaksud aktiviti meloggarkan medium</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt;"> </span>o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>medium yang telah digembur dan loggar akan</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;">
a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt;"> </span>Memudahkan air mengalir</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;">
b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt;"> </span>Memudahkan akar menembusi medium</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;">
c.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt;"> </span>Membaiki pengudaraan</div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><br /></td><td style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: cyan; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">F.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Mengawal serangan musuh</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: cyan; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>i.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Musuh tanaman hiasan adalah seperti serangga perosak, siput babi dan penyakit</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: cyan; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>ii.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Serangga perosak dikawal dengan menyembur tanaman dengan racun serangga</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: cyan; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>iii.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Siput babi dikawal decngan umpan beracun</span></div>Gohextremehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15547852305289333442noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6291458943068820024.post-82010135452413678322012-06-28T16:06:00.001+08:002012-07-04T11:18:05.692+08:00(KH) Tingkatan 2 -teknik lukisan<img src="https://encrypted-tbn1.google.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQudsUGY-g7jHtLwXwnhxV3HimtXeOvEUk-p58cdS2kvlVxLn_bcw" /> <br />
<div align="center" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan; font-size: 13.5pt;">Lukisan Teknik</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; text-align: center;">
<span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: cyan; font-size: 13.5pt;"></span></span><br />
<span style="color: cyan;"><hr align="center" size="2" width="100%" />
</span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"></span></span></div>
<ol style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;" type="A">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: cyan; font-size: 13.5pt;">Alatan Lukisan Teknik</span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Pensil</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Pensil sesuai digunakan ialah bergred 2H, HB, dan 2B</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Hujung mata pensil hendaklah sentiasa tajam</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;">
<span style="color: cyan; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br />Pensil keras (2H,4H)<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br /><br />Pensil sederhana (H,B)<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br /><br />Pensil lembut (2B)<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br /><br />Pensil Mekanikal</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Pemadam</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Dibuat daripada getah lembut.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Digunakan untuk memdam garisan dan tanda yang tidak dikehendaki</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Pembaris</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Digunakan untuk memindahkan ukuran</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Jenis yang biasa digunakan iaialah bersengatan 300mm/12inci.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Kertas Lukisan</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">kertas lukisan terbahagi kepada 3 jenis</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="color: cyan;">a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="color: cyan; font-size: 13.5pt;">Kertas lukisan biasa<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br />- digunakan untuk melukis lukisan prespektik, lukisan ortografik, lukisan oblik dan lukisan isometrik</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="color: cyan;">b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="color: cyan; font-size: 13.5pt;">Kertas gred<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br />- digunakan untuk asas melukis lukisan oblik kabinet dan oblik kavilier</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="color: cyan;">c.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="color: cyan; font-size: 13.5pt;">kertas isogred<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br />- digunakan untuk asas melukis lukisan isometrik</span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><br />
<span style="color: cyan; font-size: large;">Kertas Lukisan</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><br />
<span style="color: cyan; font-size: large;">Kegunaan kertas lukisan</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><br />
<span style="color: cyan; font-size: large;">Kertas isogred</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><br />
<span style="color: cyan; font-size: large;">Kegunaan kertas isogred</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><br />
<span style="color: cyan; font-size: large;">Kertas gred</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><br />
<span style="color: cyan; font-size: large;">Kegunaan kertas gred</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">7.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Papan Lukisan</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Digunakan untuk meletakkan kertas lukisan</span></span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"></td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">8.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Sesiku T</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Digunakan membina garisan lurus mendatar</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Digunakan juga sebagai tapak untuk membina garisan tegak dan serong/condong dengan set sesiku</span></span></div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">9.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Set sesiku</span></span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<span style="color: cyan; font-size: small;">sesiku 30°/60°</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<span style="color: cyan; font-size: small;">Sesiku 45°</span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">10.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Jangka tolok</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Digunakan untuk memindahkan jarak daripada pengukur ke atas garisan di atas kertas</span></span></div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">11.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Jangka lukis</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Digunakan untuk melukis bulatan dan garisan lengkok</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Membina berbagai-bagai jenis sudut</span></span></div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">B.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Jenis Garisan</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Garisan mendatar</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: cyan;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="color: cyan; font-size: 13.5pt;">Garis mendatar ialah garisan yang selari dengan panjang kertas<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br /><br />Cara melukis garis mendatar</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Garisan menegak</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: cyan;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="color: cyan; font-size: 13.5pt;">Garis mendatar ialah garisan yang selari dengan lebar kertas<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br /><br />Cara melukis garis menegak</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Garisan bersudut</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Garis mendatar ialah garisan yang condong dan mempunyai sudut-sudut tertentu</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: cyan;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="color: cyan; font-size: 13.5pt;">Garisan bersudut 45° , 30° dan 60° boleh dihasilkan dengan menggunakan set sesiku<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br /><br />Cara melukis garis bersudut 30°</span></div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in;">
<span style="color: cyan; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br />Cara melukis garis bersudut 45°</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Garisan tepi</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Garisan yang dikenali sebagai garisan sempadan</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Dilukis dengan pensil H atau B</span></span></div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Garisan benda</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Garisan yang tebal dan hitam, digunakan untuk menunjukkan garisan objek/benda</span></span></div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">6.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Garisan Lakaran</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Garisan yang halus, digunakan untuk asas membina objek</span></span></div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">7.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Garisan tersembunyi</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Garisan yang dipusutkan garis-garis pendek</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Digunakan untuk menunjukkan garisan objek yang tidak boleh kelihatan</span></span></div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">8.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Garisan tengah</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Garisan yang diputuskan oleh titik-titik</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Digunakan untuk menunjukan bahagian tengah objek</span></span></div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">9.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Garisan keratan</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Garisan yang menunjukkan kawasan keratan sesuatu objek</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Ia dilukis condong 45° dan selari di antara satu sama lain</span></span></div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">10.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Garisan dimensi</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Garisan yang halus dan mempunyai anak panah dihujungnya</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Digunakan untuk menunjukkan panjang, lebar dan tinggi sesuatu objek</span></span></div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">C.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Bentuk Geometri</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Bulatan</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Dilukis dengan menggunakan jangka lukis</span></span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<span style="color: cyan;">Diameter dan jejari bulatan</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<span style="color: cyan;">Melukis bulatan dengan jangka lukis</span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Segi tiga</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Dilukis dengan menggunakan jangka lukis dan set sesiku</span></span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<span style="color: cyan; font-size: large;">Segi tiga sama</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<span style="color: cyan; font-size: large;">Segi tiga tepat</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<span style="color: cyan; font-size: large;">Segi tiga dua sama</span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Segi empat</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Dilukis dengan menggunakan jangka lukis dan set sesiku</span></span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<span style="color: cyan; font-size: large;">Segi empat tepat</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<span style="color: cyan; font-size: large;">Segi empat sama</span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">D.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Jenis Lukisan</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: cyan;">o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="color: cyan; font-size: 13.5pt;">Lukisan teknik terbahagi kepada 2 :<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br />a. Lukisan 2 dimensi - Lukisan ortografik<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br />b. Lukisan 3 dimensi - Lukisan oblik , lukisan isometrik dan lukisan prespektif</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><a href="http://www.freewebs.com/khbdua/lteknik.htm" style="color: #888888; text-decoration: none;">Lukisan Isometrik</a></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Lukisan isometrik adalah lukisan 3 dimensi</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Lukisan isometrik terbina di atas paksi isometrik</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: cyan;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="color: cyan; font-size: 13.5pt;">Paksi isometrik terdiri daripada<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br />- satu garisan mendatar<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br />- satu garisan tegak<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br />- dua garisan condong/serong bersudut 30º</span></div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="color: cyan;"><br />Lukisan isometrik di atas paksi isometrik<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span></div>
<div align="center" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="margin-left: 1in;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"> <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><br />
<span style="color: cyan;">Isometrik</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"> <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<span style="color: cyan;">Pelan</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Lukisan Oblik</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Lukisan oblik adalah lukisan 3 dimensi</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: cyan;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="color: cyan; font-size: 13.5pt;">Lukisan oblik terbahagi 2<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br />- Oblik kabinet<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br />- Oblik kavilier</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Lukisan oblik terbina di atas paksi oblik</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: cyan;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="color: cyan; font-size: 13.5pt;">Paksi oblik terdiri daripada<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br />- satu garisan mendatar<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br />- satu garisan tegak<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br />- satu garisan condong/serong bersudut 45º</span></div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;">
<span style="color: cyan; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br />Lukisan oblik di atas paksi oblik</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Lukisan Ortografik</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Lukisan ortografik adalah lukisan pelan</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Lukisan ortografik terbina di atas paksi ortografik</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: cyan;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="color: cyan; font-size: 13.5pt;">Paksi ortografik terdiri daripada<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br />- satu garisan tegak dan satu garisan mendatar yang bersilang antara satu sama lain<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br />- satu garisan condong/serong yang bermula daripada titik silang garisan tegak dan garisan mendatar</span></div>
<div align="center" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br />Melukis unjuran ortografik di atas kertas lukisan</span></div>
<div align="center" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br />Melukis unjuran ortografik di atas kertas gred</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Mendimensi lukisan</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Mendimensi bermaksud memberikan ukuran kepada garisan lukisan</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Digunakan untuk menunjukkan saiz sesuatu projek supaya mudah dibina</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Semua garisan dimensi dilukis halus dengan pensil 2H</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Setiap garisan dimensi dilukis kepala anak panah</span></span></div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;">
<span style="color: cyan; font-size: 13.5pt;">Beberapa cara dimensi yang betul</span></div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;">
<span style="color: cyan; font-size: 13.5pt;">Garis yang panjang<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br /><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>atau<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;">
<span style="color: cyan; font-size: 13.5pt;">Garis yang pendek<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;">
<span style="color: cyan; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br />Contoh Mendimensi Ortografik ; Tinggi, lebar dan bulatan /separa bulatan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<br class="Apple-interchange-newline" />Gohextremehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15547852305289333442noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6291458943068820024.post-431028220550747072012-06-28T15:50:00.000+08:002012-07-04T11:20:42.074+08:00(KH)bab2ELEkTRONIK<br />
<div align="center" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; text-align: center;">
<img src="https://encrypted-tbn3.google.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRaP0HZipjO8PgPEgEF0thcjGcEGCpqzzmSf9ALa5682neWgEiG7w" /> <span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /></span></div>
<div align="center" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">ELEKTRONIK</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; text-align: center;">
<span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"></span></span><br />
<hr align="center" size="2" width="100%" />
</div>
<ol style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;" type="A">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><b><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Bateri</span></b></li>
</ol>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 0.5in;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Bateri 9 Volt menghasilkan arus terus</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">B.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Diod Pemancar Cahaya - L.E.D.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"></span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 0.5in;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Ia adalah sejenis diod</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Dikenali sebagai "Light Emiting Diod"</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Digunakan untuk mengeluarkan cahaya dan isyarat</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Digunakan di dalam alatan elektronik seperti radio, TV, permainan, pemain CD/DVD</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Ia mempunyai kaki berkutub - negatif (katod) dan positif (anod)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">6.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">LED tidak boleh dibekalkan voltan melebihi 3 volt</span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 0.5in;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
Bahagian LED</div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
Simbol LED</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">C.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Perintang Tetap Karbon</span></b><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"></span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 0.5in;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Dibuat daripada karbon dan tanah</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Digunakan untuk mengurangan arus dan voltan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Dibina dalam beberapa unit sukatan dan ditanda dengan kod warna</span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br />
perrintang tetap karbon<br />
ditandakan dengan 4 jalur warna</div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
Simbol perintang tetap karbon</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; width: 414px;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
Kod Warna</div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
Nombor</div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
Warna</div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
Jalur Pertama/Kedua</div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
Bilangan Sifar</div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
Toleransi</div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
Hitam </div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
0 </div>
</td><td style="background-color: black; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
0 </div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
Perang/Coklat </div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
1 </div>
</td><td style="background-color: brown; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
1 </div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
0 </div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
Merah </div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
2 </div>
</td><td style="background-color: red; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
2 </div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
00 </div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
Oren/Jingga </div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
3 </div>
</td><td style="background-color: orange; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
3 </div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
000 </div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
Kuning </div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
4 </div>
</td><td style="background-color: yellow; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
4 </div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
0000 </div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
Hijau </div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
5 </div>
</td><td style="background-color: green; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
5 </div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
00000 </div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
Biru </div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
6 </div>
</td><td style="background-color: blue; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
6 </div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
000000 </div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
Ungu </div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
7 </div>
</td><td style="background-color: purple; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
7 </div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
0000000 </div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
Kelabu </div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
8 </div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
- </div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
Putih </div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
9 </div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
- </div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
Emas </div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="background-color: gold; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
- </div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
5% </div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
Perak </div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="background-color: silver; padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
- </div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
10% </div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
Tiada warna </div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
- </div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
20% </div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Lagu Kod Perintang</span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /><b>H</b>aji<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><b>P</b>ak<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><b>M</b>at<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><b>J</b>aga<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><b>K</b>ampung<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><b>H</b>anya<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><b>B</b>eli<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><b>U</b>bi<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><b>K</b>ayu<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><b>P</b>utih</span></div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">D.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Membaca Kod Perintang</span></b><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"></span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 0.5in; width: 603px;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; width: 237px;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
Kod Warna</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
M</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
M</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
H</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
E</div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
1</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
2</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
2</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
2</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
3</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
0</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
4</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
5%</div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
Nilai Rintangan</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<strong>2</strong></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<strong>2</strong></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<strong>-</strong></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
Ohm</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
5%</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 0.5in; width: 603px;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; width: 242px;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
Kod Warna</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
M</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
M</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
O</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
E</div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
1</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
2</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
2</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
2</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
3</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
3</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
4</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
5%</div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
Nilai Rintangan</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<strong>2</strong></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<strong>2</strong></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<strong>000</strong></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
Ohm</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
5%</div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td><td colspan="3" style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
22K</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
Ohm</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">F.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Perintang Boleh Laras</span></b><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Digunakan untuk mengubah rintangan dalam arus</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Sering digunakan dalam radio, tv dan unit pembesar suara</span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 0.5in; width: 416px;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<img border="0" height="145" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/Mdsay59/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image044.gif" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0976563) 1px 1px 5px; border-bottom: rgb(238,238,238) 1px solid; border-left: rgb(238,238,238) 1px solid; border-right: rgb(238,238,238) 1px solid; border-top: rgb(238,238,238) 1px solid; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0976563) 1px 1px 5px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px;" v:shapes="_x0000_i1064" width="160" /><br />
Perintang boleh laras</div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<img border="0" height="118" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/Mdsay59/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image045.gif" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0976563) 1px 1px 5px; border-bottom: rgb(238,238,238) 1px solid; border-left: rgb(238,238,238) 1px solid; border-right: rgb(238,238,238) 1px solid; border-top: rgb(238,238,238) 1px solid; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0976563) 1px 1px 5px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px;" v:shapes="_x0000_i1065" width="194" /><br />
Simbol resistor</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">G.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Kapasitor</span></b><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Digunakan untuk menyimpas cas elektrik</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Jenis. Terdapat dua jenis</span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 0.5in; width: 432px;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
Kapasitor berkutub<br />
<img border="0" height="107" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/Mdsay59/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image046.gif" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0976563) 1px 1px 5px; border-bottom: rgb(238,238,238) 1px solid; border-left: rgb(238,238,238) 1px solid; border-right: rgb(238,238,238) 1px solid; border-top: rgb(238,238,238) 1px solid; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0976563) 1px 1px 5px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px;" v:shapes="_x0000_i1066" width="237" /></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<img border="0" height="100" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/Mdsay59/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image047.gif" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0976563) 1px 1px 5px; border-bottom: rgb(238,238,238) 1px solid; border-left: rgb(238,238,238) 1px solid; border-right: rgb(238,238,238) 1px solid; border-top: rgb(238,238,238) 1px solid; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0976563) 1px 1px 5px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px;" v:shapes="_x0000_i1067" width="161" /><br />
Simbol Kapasitor Berkutub</div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
Kapasitor tanpa kutub<br />
<img border="0" height="114" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/Mdsay59/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image048.gif" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0976563) 1px 1px 5px; border-bottom: rgb(238,238,238) 1px solid; border-left: rgb(238,238,238) 1px solid; border-right: rgb(238,238,238) 1px solid; border-top: rgb(238,238,238) 1px solid; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0976563) 1px 1px 5px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px;" v:shapes="_x0000_i1068" width="212" /></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<img border="0" height="88" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/Mdsay59/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image049.gif" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0976563) 1px 1px 5px; border-bottom: rgb(238,238,238) 1px solid; border-left: rgb(238,238,238) 1px solid; border-right: rgb(238,238,238) 1px solid; border-top: rgb(238,238,238) 1px solid; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0976563) 1px 1px 5px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px;" v:shapes="_x0000_i1069" width="132" /><br />
Simbol kapasitor tanpa kutub</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">H.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Transistor</span></b><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Digunakan untuk meninggikan dan merendahkan arus. Berfungsi juga sebagai suis</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Jenis. Terdapat 2 jenis transistor</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Transistor NPN</span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
Binaan</div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
Simbol Transistor NPN</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Transistor PNP</span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
Binaan : N = Bahan Negatif ; P = Bahan Positif</div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
Simbol Transistor PNP</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Transistor mempunyai 3 kaki</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>i.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">C = Pemungut (Collector)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>ii.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">B = Tapak (Base)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>iii.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">E = Pemancar (Emitter)</span></div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">I.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Buzzer</span></b><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"></span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 0.5in;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
Simbol Buzzer</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Digunakan untuk menghasilkan bunyi berfrekuansi tinggi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Digunakan dalam litar penggera</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">J.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Suis togel</span></b><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"></span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 0.5in;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
Simbol suis togel</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Dikenali sebagai suis satu kutub satu arah</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Digunakan untuk membuka dan menutup litar</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">K.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Suis tekan</span></b><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"></span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 0.5in;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
Simbol Suis tekan Hidup</div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
Simbol Suis Tekan Tutup</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Terdapat dua jenis , suis tekan tutup, dan suis tekan on</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Suis tekan tutup tidak membenarkan arus mengalir ketika butang (punat) ditekan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Suis tekan hidup (on) hanya akan membenarkan arus mengalis ketika butang (punat) ditekan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">L.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Suis Mikro</span></b></div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 0.5in;">
<b><span style="background-color: yellow; color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">ALATAN TANGAN ELEKTRONIK</span></b><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">A.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Playar Muncung Tirus</span></b><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"></span></div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br />- Digunakan untuk memegang komponen kecil dan membengkokkan kaki komponen</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">B.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Pemotong Sisi</span></b><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br />- Digunakan untuk memotong lebihan kaki komponen</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">C.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Penjalur Wayar</span></b><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"></span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
Penjalur Wayar Mudah</div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
Penjalur Wayar Spring</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">D.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br />- Digunakan untuk memotong dan menjalur wayar</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">E.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Pemutar Skru</span></b><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"></span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
Pemutar Skru rata</div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
Pemutar Skru Philips</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">F.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br />- Digunakan untuk mengetatkan dan melonggarkan skru</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">G.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Alat Pematri Elektrik</span></b><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br />- Digunakan untuk mencairkan timah patri dan mengikat kaki komponen elektronik</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">H.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Stesen Pematri</span></b><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br />- Digunakan untuk meletakkan pematri yang panas dan mengawal suhunya</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">I.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Penyedut Patri</span></b><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br />- Digunakan untuk menyedut patri yang berlebihan atau membuang patri untuk pematrian semula</span></div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 0.5in;">
<b><span style="background-color: yellow; color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">BAHAN PEMATRI</span></b><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">10.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Timah Patri</span></b><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span> .<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Dibuat daripada campuran timah dan plumbum</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Gred timah patri ditentukan oleh peratusan campuran timah dan plumbum</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Gred timah patri yang biasa digunakan ialah 60:40 iaitu timah 60% dan plumbum 40%</span></div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">11.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Fluks</span></b><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span> .<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Dipanggil juga sebagai bahan lakur.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Digunakan untuk menghindarkan oksida pada bahagian pematrian dan membantu menghasilkan pematrian yang kukuh.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">12.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Bod Litar</span></b><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>0.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Bod litar bercetak</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Verobod</span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
Bahagian Atas</div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
Bahagian Bawah</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="background-color: yellow; color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">KAEDAH MEMATRI</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">13.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Sebelum Mematri</span></b><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span> .<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Bersihkan hujung bit pematri dengan kertas las</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Panaskan alat pematri</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Celupkan hujung bit pematri di dalam bekas fluks</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>c.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Sentuhkan hujung bit pematri kepada sedikit timah pematri</span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">14.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Semasa mematri</span></b><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span> .<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Condongkan pematri sehingga 30 darjah</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Sentuhkan hujung bit pematri kepada kaki komponen</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Sentuhkan bahan pematri ke kaki komponen</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>c.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Apabila timah mencair dengan baik jauhkan hujung bit pematri dan timah patri daripada kaki komponen<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
Hasil pematrian yang baik</div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
bahan patri berlebihan</div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
bahan patri sangat berlebihan</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">15.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Selepas Mematri</span></b><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span> .<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Jika di dapati terdapat lebihan timah patri, cairkan dengan hujung pematri dan sedut dengan menggunakan penyedut patri</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Hujung kaki komponen yang telah siap dipatri bolehlah dipotong dengan menggunakan playar pemotong sisi<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 0.5in;">
<b><span style="background-color: yellow; color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">MEMBACA DAN MENTERJEMAH LUKISAN LITAR SKIMATIK</span></b><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"></span></div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Trek dalam litar verobod di bawah sengaja diperlihatkan disebelah atas supaya pelajar lebih memahami sambungan litar.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br />Dalam keadaan sebenar trek berada di bawah</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">16.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Contoh litar 1</span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
Litar Bergambar</div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
Bateri 9V<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br />
Perintang Tetap Karbon<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br />
L.E.D.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br />
Wayar Pelompat</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
Lukisan Skematik Litar 1</div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">18.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Contoh litar 2</span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
Litar Bergambar</div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
Bateri 9V<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br />
Perintang Tetap Karbon<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br />
L.E.D.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br />
Wayar Pelompat<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br />
Buzzer</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
Lukisan Skematik Litar 2</div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">20.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Contoh litar 3</span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
Litar Bergambar</div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
Bateri 9V<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br />
Suis Togel<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br />
Perintang Tetap Karbon<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br />
L.E.D.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br />
Wayar Pelompat<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br />
Buzzer</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
Lukisan Skematik Litar 3</div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">22.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;">Contoh litar 4</span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
Litar Bergambar</div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
Bateri 9V<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br />
Suis Togel<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br />
Kapasitor<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br />
Perintang Tetap Karbon<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br />
L.E.D.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br />
Transistor<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br />
Wayar Pelompat<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br />
Buzzer</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>Gohextremehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15547852305289333442noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6291458943068820024.post-64513591592433605092012-06-28T15:37:00.000+08:002012-07-04T11:29:27.844+08:00(KH) Tingkatan 2 -REKA BENTUK DAN PENGHASILAN PROJEK<br />
<h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name" style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; font-weight: normal; margin: 0.75em 0px 0px; position: relative;">
<img src="data:image/jpeg;base64,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" /> </h3>
<h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name" style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; font-weight: normal; margin: 0.75em 0px 0px; position: relative;">
<span style="color: cyan;">Kemahiran Hidup Tingkatan 2</span></h3>
<div class="post-header" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;">
<div class="post-header-line-1">
<span style="color: cyan;"></span></div>
</div>
<div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-7987158339686870054" itemprop="articleBody" style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4; position: relative; width: 520px;">
<div align="center" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan; font-size: 13.5pt;">REKA BENTUK DAN PENGHASILAN PROJEK</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">A.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Faktor reka bentuk</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Fungsi</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">berfungsi dengan baik dan memenuhi kehendak pengguna</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><a href="http://www.freewebs.com/khbdua/rbt.htm" style="color: #888888; text-decoration: none;">Rupa Bentuk</a></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">mempunyai konsep dan rupa menarik, stabil dan praktikal ketika menggunakannya</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Kesesuaian Bahan</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">menggunakan bahan yang mudah didapati dan mudah dipasang sesuai dengan kos yang perlu dibayar</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Ketahanan</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><a href="http://www.freewebs.com/khbdua/rbt.htm" style="color: #888888; text-decoration: none;">Kukuh</a></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Jika digunakan diluar mesti tahan cuaca dan serangan serangga</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Tidak mudah rosak</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><place w:st="on"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Kos</span></place><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> Produk</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Berpatutan dengan kos pembuatan dan mampu dibeli dan dimiliki pengguna</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">6.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Keselamatan</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Tidak mendatang bahaya kepada pengguna dan kesan buruk terhadap alam sekitar</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">7.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Nilai Komersial</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: cyan;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="color: cyan; font-size: 13.5pt;">Memenuhi cita rasa masa kini dan mampu dipasarkan serta menepati kehendak pasaran<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br /> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">B.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Jenis bahan</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Aluminium</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Dihasilkan daripada bauksit</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Ciri-ciri</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Pengalir elektrik yang baik selepas tembaga</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Pengalis haba yang baik</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Ringan dan mudah dibentuk</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Mudah dipotong</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">berkilat</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">c.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Kegunaan</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Membina badan kapal terbang</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">membuat kabel elektrik voltan tinggi</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">membuat tin minuman dan pekakas dapur</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Keluli Lembut</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> .<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">terhasil daripada campuran besi dan karbon</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Ciri-ciri :</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Sejenis logam ferus (mengandungi besi)</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Mudah dibentuk dan dikerjakan</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Boleh dibengkokkan</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Mudah bekarat</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">kegunaan :</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Membuat paku</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Membuat pagar dan gril</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Perspek</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> .<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Sejenis plastik keras dan berkilat</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Ciri-ciri</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Tahan lama dan tidak mudah musnah</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Mudah terbakar</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Mudah pecah dan tergores</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Ringan dan ada yang lutsinar</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Permukaan rata dan licin</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">kegunaan</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Membuat bekas air</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Membuat plat nombor dan papan kenyataan</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Membuat menutup model</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Membuat prototaip</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">PVC (Polivinil klorida)</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> .<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Ciri-Ciri</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Terdapat dalam bentuk paip</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Ringan mudah pecah</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Tidak tahan panas dan mudah terbakar</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Tahan lama</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Kegunaan</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: cyan;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="color: cyan; font-size: 13.5pt;">Membuat paip dan sambungan paip<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br /> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">C.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Jenis Pengikat</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="color: cyan;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="color: cyan; font-size: 13.5pt;">Ribet<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br /><br />Ribet</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> .<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Riveter<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Digunakan untuk memasamg ribet pada kepingan logam dan kayu.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Glu panas<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> .<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Mesin Glu Panas<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Digunakan untuk memanaskan rod glu.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="color: cyan;">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="color: cyan; font-size: 13.5pt;">Staple<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br /><br />Dawai kokot</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> .<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Staple Gun<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: cyan;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="color: cyan; font-size: 13.5pt;">Digunakan untuk merekat fabrik,kanvas dan kulit<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br /> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">D.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Alatan tangan dan mesin</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>I.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Pemotong Perspek<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Digunakan untuk memotong prespek</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>II.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Gandin Getah<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Digunakan untuk mengetuk logam atau kepingan logam</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>III.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Penebuk Pusat<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Digunakan untuk membuat tanda pada pada permukaan logam sebelum kerja menggerudi</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>IV.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Mesin Gergaji jig<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Digunakan untuk memotong papan dan kayu nipis, papan lapis, jubin , kepingan logam nipis.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Digunakan juga untuk memotong lengkung</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>V.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Mesin pemutar skru tanpa wayar (Cordless screwdriver)<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Digunakan untuk memasang dan melonggarkan skru</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>VI.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><a href="http://www.freewebs.com/khbdua/rbt.htm" style="color: #888888; text-decoration: none;">Mesin pengelas (Sander)</a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: cyan;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="color: cyan; font-size: 13.5pt;">Digunakan untuk melicinkan dan meratakan permukaan kayu<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br /> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">E.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Proses kerja</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span> .<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><a href="http://www.freewebs.com/khbdua/rbt.htm" style="color: #888888; text-decoration: none;">Rekakan beberapa bentuk projek</a></span></span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; width: 681px;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">Idea 1</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">Idea 2</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">Idea 3</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">Idea 4</span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>I.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /><span style="color: cyan;">Pilih satu rekabentuk terbaik</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>II.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Membuat lakaran kerja dan kertas projek yang dipilih</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>III.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><a href="http://www.freewebs.com/khbdua/rbt.htm" style="color: #888888; text-decoration: none;">Mengukur dan menanda</a></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Mengukur dan menanda panjang</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Mengukur dan menanda lebar</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Mengukur dan menanda tebal</span></span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="color: cyan;">Mengukur lebar</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="color: cyan;">Menanda dan menggaris tepat</span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>IV.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><a href="http://www.freewebs.com/khbdua/rbt.htm" style="color: #888888; text-decoration: none;">Memotong</a></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Membelah</span></span></div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /><span style="color: cyan;">Membelah kayu dengan gergaji tangan</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><a href="http://www.freewebs.com/khbdua/rbt.htm" style="color: #888888; text-decoration: none;">Mengerat</a></span></span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="color: cyan;">Mengerat dengan gergaji</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="color: cyan;">Memotong penjuru dengan mesin gergaji jig</span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>V.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><a href="http://www.freewebs.com/khbdua/rbt.htm" style="color: #888888; text-decoration: none;">Membentuk dan mencantum</a></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Menentukan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.freewebs.com/khbdua/rbt.htm" style="color: #888888; text-decoration: none;">jenis tanggam</a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>yang akan digunakan</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Mengukur dan memotong tanggam</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Memasang tanggam</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Menglu</span></span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="color: cyan;">Memaku adalah sebahagian proses mencantum</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="color: cyan;">Menglu juga adalah sebahagian proses mencantum</span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">F.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Kemasan projek</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Pilih Jenis kemasan yang paling sesuai</span></span></div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"></span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">i. Cat Sembur (Spray) </span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">ii. Tona Kayu </span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">iii. Turpentine </span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">iv. Tepung Penyumbat </span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">v. Syelek </span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">vi. Cat Kilat </span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /><span style="color: cyan;">Kenali jenis kemasan dan cecair pelarut yang sesuai</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Ratakan dan licinkan permukaan yang akan disapu kemasan</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Gunakan Kaedah kemasan yang betul</span></span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 0.5in;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="color: cyan;">Pilih kemasan sapu cat ,lekar atau syelek</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="color: cyan;">Kemasan menggunakan cat sembur</span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">G.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">H.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Perancangan, Pembinaan dan Pengubahsuaian</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span> .<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Menentukan dan merancang pembinaan projek</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="color: cyan; font-size: 13.5pt;">Menyediakan jadual kerja<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br /> </span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; width: 414px;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">Minggu</span></div>
</td><td colspan="4" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">Minggu 1</span></div>
</td><td colspan="4" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">Minggu 2</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">Bil</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">Aktiviti</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">Waktu</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">1</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">2</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">3</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">4</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">1</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">2</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">3</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">4</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: cyan;">1.0</span></b></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: cyan;">Mengenal Pasti Masalah</span></b></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">1.1</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"> - Mengumpul maklumat dan data</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">1.2</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"> - Membuat lakaran idea dan memilih</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: cyan;">2.0</span></b></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: cyan;">Perancangan</span></b></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">2.1</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"> - Menyenaraikan bahan</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">2.2</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"> - Menyenaraikan alatan tangan</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">2.3</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"> - Menyenaraikan mesin</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: cyan;">3.0</span></b></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: cyan;">Pembinaan</span></b></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">3.1</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"> - Mengukur, menanda dan memotong</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">3.2</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"> - Memasang</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">3.3</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"> - Menguji dan menilai</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">3.4</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"> - Mengubaisuai</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">3.5</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"> - Membuat kemasan</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: cyan;">4.0</span></b></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: cyan;">Pendokumentasaian</span></b></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">4.1</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"> - Mengumpul dan merekod maklumat</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">4.2</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"> - Mengira kos pengeluaran</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">4.3</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"> - Membuat Persembahan</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Menyenarai bahan, alatan tangan dan mesin yang diperlukan</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>c.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Peminaan projek berdasarkan lukisan kerja yang dipilih</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>d.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Menguji dan menilai projek</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>e.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Mengubahsuai projek</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Untuk menambah nilai. mutu dan kualiti</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: cyan;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="color: cyan; font-size: 13.5pt;">Untuk membuat penggantian bahan dan pembaikan kaedah pemasangan<br /> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">I.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Pendokumentasian</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span> .<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Mengumpul dan merekod maklumat projek</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Dokumen disimpan dalam fail mengikut urutan dan sistematik</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Dokumen dibuat dengan tulisan tangan atau ditaip</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Dokumen haruslah mengandungi</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Pernyataan masalah</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Lakaran projek</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Lakaran Projek yang dipilih</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Senarai bahan, alatan, dan mesin yang digunakan</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Jaduak kerja</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Pengujian dan penilaian</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">maklumat pengubahsuaian</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><place w:st="on"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Kos</span></place><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> projek</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Mengira kos pengeluaran</span></span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; width: 416px;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"> <place w:st="on">Kos</place> Bahan</span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="width: 408px;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">Bil</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">Bahan</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">Kuantiti</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<place w:st="on"><span style="color: cyan;">Kos</place>Seunit</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">Jumlah</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">1</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">Kayu Berketam Berlurah 10 x 45 x 200mm</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">1 kpg</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">2</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">Kayu Berketam Berlurah 10 x 45 x 110mm</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">2 kpg</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">3</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">Kayu Berketam Berlurah 10 x 35 x 90mm</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">1 kpg</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">4</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">Kayu Berketam 10 x10 x 105mm</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">2 kpg</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">5</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">Kayu Berketam 10 x 10 x 65mm</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">1 kpg</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">6</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">Bod MDF 3 x 200 x 150mm</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">1 kpg</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">7</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">Perspek Berwarna 2 x 70 x 55mm</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">1 kpg</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">8</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">PVC 4mm x 30mm</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">1 kpg</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">9</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">Kertas Las</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">1 kpg</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">10</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">Paku Panel 19mm</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">10 btg</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">11</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">Skru Benam Sendiri</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">6 btg</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">12</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">Glu Panas</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">4 btg</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">13</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">Cat Semburan</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">Secukupnya</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">14</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">Semburan Lekar Jernih</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">Secukupnya</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">15</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">Pelekat</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">1 kpg</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: cyan;">Jumlah</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"> <place w:st="on">Kos</place> Upah</span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="width: 408px;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">=>Jumlah pekerja x masa x kadar upah sejam</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">= 1 orang x 3 jam x RM2.50</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">=<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><b>RM7.50</b></span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"> <place w:st="on">Kos</place> Overhead</span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="width: 408px;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">=> <place w:st="on">Kos</place> elektrik + Kos Air</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">= RM0.80 + RM0.50</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">=<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><b>RM1.30</b></span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<place w:st="on"><span style="color: cyan;"><span style="background-color: yellow;">Kos</span></place><span style="background-color: yellow;"> Pengeluaran</span></span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="width: 408px;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">=>Kos Bahan + Kos Upah + <place w:st="on">Kos</place> Overhead</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">= RM + RM + RM</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">= RM</span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"></span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Membuat persembahan projek</span></span></div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1in;">
<span style="color: cyan; font-size: 13.5pt;">Tujuan membuat persembahan :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Memperkenalkan idea projek</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Mendapat komen dan pandangan yang membina</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Membaiki kualiti projek</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</div>Gohextremehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15547852305289333442noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6291458943068820024.post-1082344187470850602012-06-28T11:07:00.000+08:002012-07-19T21:39:58.690+08:00TEKNOLOGI TISU KULTUR 2<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CvkitzubC3E&feature=player_embedded" target="_blank"><img border="0" height="262" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiP93-qZubC-ThoxDEe6o_s1gqRPCtaVsniMK3ZfjgmnVCJyGWNN1-91kKU4iVA3qgsA4gu3W0le3LASeeCYMbccIYFspmVkg5FbPc_ZggAZj4Jcsr98Wu9ldAv_ODKpjOK6k8qXdd410NH/s320/b.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/CvkitzubC3E?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
TANAMAN HERBA DARIPADA TISU KULTURE-Learning Portalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14278228840381264582noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6291458943068820024.post-24899297219596696382012-06-27T09:45:00.002+08:002012-06-27T09:45:55.024+08:00TEKNIK MENJAWAB PM<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="plh"><tbody>
<tr><td class="plc"><h1 class="ts">
<a href="http://bbs.mysjkc.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=67431&extra=" id="thread_subject">Pendidikan Moral-SPM</a>
</h1>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ad">
<td class="pls"><br /></td>
<td class="plc"><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="fo" id="pid648765" summary="pid648765"><tbody>
<tr><td class="pls" rowspan="2">
<div class="pi">
<div class="authi">
<a class="xw1" href="http://bbs.mysjkc.com/home.php?mod=space&uid=17572" target="_blank">TED</a>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="avatar">
<a href="http://bbs.mysjkc.com/home.php?mod=space&uid=17572" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.mysjkc.com/ucenter/data/avatar/000/01/75/72_avatar_middle.jpg" /></a></div>
<em></em><br />
</div>
</td>
<td class="plc">
<div class="pi">
<strong>
</strong>
<div class="pti">
<div class="pdbt">
</div>
<div class="authi">
<br /><em id="authorposton648765"></em><span class="pipe"></span><span class="pipe"></span><span class="pipe"></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="pct">
<div class="pcb">
<div class="t_fsz">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr><td class="t_f" id="postmessage_648765"><b>Bila jawab soalan moral ,kata kunci mesti tulisdan terangkan dengan bulat-bulat. Teknik menjawab sangat penting, seprti: watak+ kata kunci+ situasi, beri penerangan
dengan lengkap</b>.<br />
1.1 Kepercayaan kepada Tuhan<br />
-keyakinan wujudnya Tuhan<br />
-mematuhi suruhannya<br />
<br />
1.2 Amanah<br />
-sikap tanggungjawab<br />
-menimbulkan kepercayaan/keyakinan<br />
<br />
1.3 Harga diri<br />
-memuliakan diri<br />
-menjaga maruah diri<br />
<br />
1.4 Bertanggungjawab<br />
-memikul tugas/kewajiban<br />
-melaksanakan tugas/kewajiban<br />
<br />
1.5 Hemah tinggi<br />
-beradab sopan<br />
-berbudi pekerti mulia<br />
<br />
1.6 Toleransi<br />
-sabar<br />
-bertolak ansur<br />
-mengawal diri<br />
<br />
1.7 Berdikari<br />
-sanggup melakukan tugas<br />
-tidak bergantung pada orang lain<br />
<br />
1.8 Kerajinan<br />
-usaha yang berterusan/semangat ketekunan/kecekalan/kegigihan/dedikasi/berdaya maju<br />
<br />
1.9 Kasih sayang<br />
-peka/perasaan cinta yang mendalam/berkekalan<br />
<br />
1.10 Keadilan<br />
-tindakan/keputusan yang saksama<br />
-tidak berat sebelah<br />
<br />
1.11 Rasional<br />
-boleh berfikir<br />
-bertindak wajar<br />
<br />
1.12 Kesedarhanaan<br />
-tidak keterlaluan<br />
-tidak mengabaikan kepentingan diri dan orang lain<br />
<br />
2.1 Kasih sayang terhadap keluarga<br />
-perasaan cinta<br />
-kasih/sayang yang mendalam<br />
<br />
2.2 Hormat dan taat kepada anggota keluarga<br />
-memuliakan keluarga<br />
-berinteraksi/layanan bersopan<br />
<br />
2.3 Mengekalkan tradisi kekeluargaan<br />
-menerima/menghormati/mengamalkan sesuatu kebiasaan<br />
-adat/kepercayaan yang diwarisi secara turun-temurun<br />
<br />
2.4 Tanggungjawab terhadap keluarga<br />
-kewajiban terhadap keluarga<br />
-melahirkan keluarga bahagia/meningkatkan imej/menjaga maruah<br />
<br />
3.1 Menyayangi dan menghargai alam sekitar<br />
-memelihara alam sekeliling/sekitar<br />
-memulihara alam sekeliling/sekitar<br />
<br />
3.2 Keharmonian antara manusia dengan alam sekitar<br />
-hubungan harmonis antara manusia dan alam sekeliling<br />
-kualiti terpelihara<br />
<br />
3.3 Kemampanan alam sekitar<br />
-pengekalan keseimbangan<br />
-tanggungjawab bersama<br />
<br />
3.4 Peka terhadap isu-isu alam sekitar<br />
-prihatin<br />
-berusaha menyelesaikan<br />
<br />
4.1 Cinta akan negara<br />
-perasaan sayang/bangga akan negara<br />
-meletakkan kepentingan negara melebihi kepentingan diri<br />
<br />
4.2 Taat setia kepada raja dan negara<br />
-kepatuhan kepada raja dan negara<br />
-kesetiaan kepada raja dan negara<br />
<br />
4.3 Sanggup berkorban untuk negara<br />
-kerelaan melakukan/menyerahkan sesuatu<br />
-tanda kebaktian untuk negara<br />
<br />
5.1 Melindungi hak kanak-kanak<br />
-membela/memberi naungan<br />
-memelihara hak kanak-kanak<br />
<br />
5.2 Menghormati hak wanita<br />
-melindungi/mengiktiraf sumbangan wanita<br />
<br />
5.3 Melindungi hak pekerja<br />
-menghormati/menghargai/mengiktiraf perkhidmatan jasa dan sumbangan pekerja<br />
<br />
5.4 Menghormati hak golongan kurang berupaya<br />
-memberi layanan bersopan<br />
-tidak tersisih/mengiktiraf mereka sebagai insan ciptaan tuhan<br />
<br />
5.5 Melindungi hak pengguna<br />
-membela hak individu<br />
-memelihara hak individu<br />
<br />
6.1 Mematuhi peraturan dan undang-undang<br />
-menerima peraturan<br />
-mematuhi peraturan<br />
<br />
6.2 Kebebasan bersuara<br />
-kebebasan berucap dengan batasan tertentu<br />
-mengeluarkan fikiran dengan batasan tertentu<br />
<br />
6.3 Kebebasan beragama<br />
-kebebasan menganut<br />
-mengamalkan agamanya<br />
-mengikut Perlembagaan Malaysia<br />
<br />
6.4 Penglibatan diri dalam pembanguanan negara<br />
-melibatkan diri dalam aktiviti pembangunan negara<br />
<br />
6.5 Sikap keterbukaan<br />
-memberi pandangan/pembaharuan/kritikan<br />
-menerima pandangan/pembaharuan/kritikan<br />
<br />
7.1 Hidup bersama secara aman<br />
-hidup berbaik-baik antara satu sama lain<br />
-mengutamakan kedamaian/keharmonian hidup<br />
<br />
7.2 Saling membantu dan bekerjasama<br />
-usaha yang baik/membina<br />
-dilakukan bersama<br />
<br />
7.3 Saling menghormati antara negara<br />
-menghargai hubungan antara negara<br />
-memuliakan hubungan antara negara</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>E-Learning Portalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14278228840381264582noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6291458943068820024.post-15335412458184343582012-06-20T11:04:00.001+08:002012-06-22T20:47:42.796+08:00TEKNOLOGI TISU KULTUR<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gi-FrMC9iWI&feature=player_embedded" target="_blank"><img border="0" height="258" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2n9a2lw3ajuEQm63j3-k6otnMKyXgk7SPROA-tJYyxGXfucHlq92khOKJsgg4qfNj8sP0mwj_G9X-P8Tf3dKcY0Od5sCplwOcemKVxN97NfsDocfVvAuIZ4cyKdNs-Xc6048wOpFMABE_/s320/c.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/gi-FrMC9iWI?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
Teknologi kini untuk menghasilkan tanaman jenis spesis yang bernilai komersial tinggi.E-Learning Portalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14278228840381264582noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6291458943068820024.post-83312877332748467782012-06-18T20:49:00.000+08:002012-06-18T20:51:09.768+08:00(BM)penggunaan internet lebih banyak memberi kebaikan daripada keburukan<div class="entry">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;">
<a href="https://encrypted-tbn2.google.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRYi7HFSzZXzupMScc8Gj7SRSrLy7TT0Fnr1PlxSXk54wLjkGu-" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; cssfloat: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" class="rg_hi uh_hi" data-height="225" data-width="225" height="225" id="rg_hi" src="https://encrypted-tbn2.google.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRYi7HFSzZXzupMScc8Gj7SRSrLy7TT0Fnr1PlxSXk54wLjkGu-" style="height: 225px; width: 225px;" width="225" /></a>Terima kasih Tuan Pengerusi Majlis, yang saya hormati para panel hakim, para pencadang sekalian, dan para hadirin yang saya muliakan. Assalamualaikum dan selamat sejahtera.</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;">
Pada hari ini, kita akan memahami tajuk perbahasan kali ini iaitu ‘Penggunaan Internet Lebih Banyak Memberi Kebaikan daripada Keburukan’. Saya sebagai pembangkang amat tidak bersetuju dengan penyataan tajuk tersebut. Bagi saya ia lebih membawa keburukan daripada kebaikan.</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Para hadirin sekalian,</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Sebelum saya meneruskan hujah saya, izinkan saya menerangkan apakah yang kita faham dengan Internet. Internet boleh kita fahami sebagai satu sistem maklumat global melalui telekomunikasi yang semakin canggih kini. Segala bentuk maklumat dapat kita perolehi daripada penggunaan Internet ini. Tetapi ternyata ia membawa lebih keburukan daripada kebaikan.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Yang pertama sekali ialah ia menyemai sikap buruk individu. Maklumat tanpa sekatan di dalam Internet ini memberi peluang kepada pelajar Internet dan sesiapa sahaja untuk mengetahui apa yang berlaku dan terkandung di dalam Internet. Lebih malang lagi apabila bahan yang diperolehi mampu merosakkan akhlak. Contohnya, melalui Internet ini, orang ramai suka mengetahui sesuatu yang dilarang seperti melayari laman web tentang seks dan cara hidup orang asing yang tidak sesuai dengan budaya kita. Malah mereka cuba meniru aksi dan tingkah laku tidak baik sebegini. Hal ini memberi kesan yang tidak baik dan boleh merosakkan cara hidup kita yang bersopan-santun dan bertatasusila.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Hujah saya yang kedua ialah bagi kanak-kanak sekolah, Internet membolehkan mereka bermain permainan yang terkini. Selain membuang masa, mereka juga membazirkan wang. Mereka lupa pada pelajaran akibat terlalu leka dengan permainan yang menjadi minat mereka. Masa mereka banyak dihabiskan di depan komputer dan hal ini boleh menyebabkan hubungan mereka dengan ibu bapa dan keluarga menjadi renggang. Hal ini bukan sahaja berlaku pada kanak-kanak sekolah tetapi bagi pelajar-pelajar pusat pengajian tinggi. Keseronokan dan tumpuan pada aktiviti <em>Internet Relay Chatting</em> (IRC) yang berlebihan menyebabkan mereka leka pada Internet dan tidak memberikan tumpuan yang sebaiknya pada pelajaran. Ada antara mereka berbual kosong atau sekadar memulakan perkenalan yang akhirnya tidak mendatangkan faedah tetapi menyebabkan mereka menanggung bil penggunaan Internet yang tinggi.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Hujah saya yang ketiga, ialah hubungan sosial di dalam masyarakat yang semakin rapuh akibat terlalu memberi tumpuan kepada penggunaan Internet. Pada mereka yang dapat melayari Internet di rumah, mereka akan jarang keluar bergaul dengan orang lain dan masyarakat kerana terlalu asyik melayari Internet sehingga kegiatan masyarakat pun tidak diambil perhatian. Malah, di pusat-pusat Internet, kegiatan tidak baik boleh wujud akibat penggunaan Internet. Contohnya, kewujudan kegiatan perjudian melalui Internet. Hal ini tidak dinafikan apabila terdapat aktiviti penjudian yang meliputi banyak tempat dan kemungkinan juga berlaku pengaduhan apabila aktiviti berjudi dan bertaruh dijalankan.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Keadaan kesihatan juga kurang diambil perhatian. Selalunya pengguna Internet meluangkan masa yang lama untuk melayari Internet. Adakalanya sampai lewat malam dan tidak kurang pula hingga awal pagi. Hal ini menyebabkan mereka kurang tidur dan rehat. Akibatnya, kesihatan mereka tidak terjejas malah penggunaan Internet yang berterusan tanpa rehat juga boleh menyebabkan mata menjadi letih dan memberi kesan sampingan.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Antara keburukan lain akibat penggunaan Internet ialah kemungkinan berlaku penyebaran maklumat-maklumat palsu tentang sesebuah negara yang dilakukan oleh pihak tertentu dengan tujuan untuk menjatuhkan sesebuah kerajaan. Keselamatan sebuah negara boleh menjadi porak-peranda apabila ada antara masyarakat dunia yang mungkin mempercayai maklumat-maklumat palsu yang mereka perolehi melalui Internet dan yang paling ditakuti sekali ialah penyalahgunaan Internet untuk mengelirukan orang ramai di dalam bidang agama. Terdapat berbagai-bagai maklumat tentang agama yang dapat kita perolehi melalui Internet. Ada yang diiktiraf oleh kerajaan dan pihak berkuasa agama dan tidak kurang pula didatangi oleh individu atau kumpulan yang menyebarkan maklumat palsu tentang agama kepada orang lain.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Akhirnya sebelum saya mengundur diri, saya sekali lagi ingin menegaskan bahawa Internet lebih banyak membawa keburukan kepada orang ramai. Penggunaannya perlu dipantau sentiasa. Bak kata pepatah ‘Terlajak perahu boleh diundur, terlajak perbuatan buruk padahnya’.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Sekian sahaja, terima kasih.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="sharedaddy sd-like-enabled" id="jp-post-flair">
<div class="wpl-likebox sd-block sd-like">
</div>
</div>
</div>Christinegohhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04965166385988118850noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6291458943068820024.post-88953909532647450832012-06-18T20:41:00.000+08:002012-06-18T20:49:29.170+08:00(BM)karangan-kemalangan jalan raya<h2 class="topic-title">
<img alt="" src="http://illiweb.com/fa/empty.gif" /> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/t147-karangan-kemalangan-jalan-raya#900" name="900">karangan-kemalangan jalan raya</a></h2>
<div class="author" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;">
<img alt="Post" class="sprite-icon_post_target" src="http://illiweb.com/fa/empty.gif" title="Post" /></div>
<div class="vote gensmall">
<div class="vote-bar" title="Message reputation : 75% (4 votes)">
<div class="vote-bar-minus" style="height: 12px;">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="display: none;">
</div>
<div class="content clearfix">
<div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;">
<a href="https://encrypted-tbn1.google.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTGrpw9Gxg2Yi3XECB1KZ3C1sA8QtQfTFQsUkSnc7qvaXEs24NDxQ" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; cssfloat: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" class="rg_i" data-src="https://encrypted-tbn1.google.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTGrpw9Gxg2Yi3XECB1KZ3C1sA8QtQfTFQsUkSnc7qvaXEs24NDxQ" data-sz="f" height="173" name="cOaRj6ecdccyMM:" onload="google.stb.csi.onTbn(0, this)" src="https://encrypted-tbn1.google.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTGrpw9Gxg2Yi3XECB1KZ3C1sA8QtQfTFQsUkSnc7qvaXEs24NDxQ" width="193" /></a>Pada petang tadi, ayah membawa kami sekeluarga pergi ke kampung untuk berhari raya bersama datuk dan nenek hujan mula turun dengan renyai-renyai. Oleh sebab itu,ayah memandu kereta dengan berhati-hati. <br />
Di sepanjang lebuh raya Kuala Lumpur,banyakjalan raya yang begitu sesak. Oleh kerana itu,semua kenderaan perlu dipandu secara perlahan-lahan agar tidak berlakunya suatu kemalangan.<br />
Tiba-tiba sebuah kereta berwarna biru yang dipandu dengan laju hendak memotong sebuah lori dalam keadaan agak berbahaya.<br />
Aku terdengar bunyi entuman yang kuat. Rupa-rupanya kereta yang berwarna biru itu terbabas lalu terlanggar pada pembahagi jalan. Sebuah kereta turut terbalik dan remuk.<br />
Pemandu yang memandu kereta biru tersebut cedera parah. Beberapa pemandu berhenti untuk menyelamatkan mangsa yang terlibat. Ada yang menhubungi pihak polis dan ambulans dengan segera.<br />
Tidak lama kemudian, polis dan ambulans pun tiba. Mangsa dihantar ke hospital. Ayah dan kami sekeluarga terpaksa meneruskan perjalanan ke kampung kerana datuk dan nenek menunggu kedatangan kami.Kami mengambil pengajaran supaya berhati-hati di jalan raya.</div>
</div>Christinegohhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04965166385988118850noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6291458943068820024.post-47552524622745445872012-06-14T16:17:00.000+08:002012-06-30T11:53:31.323+08:00(KH) Tingkatan 2 -Masakan<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<img src="data:image/jpeg;base64,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" style="cursor: move;" unselectable="on" /><br />
<br /></div>
<div align="center" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan; font-size: 13.5pt;">MASAKAN</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">A.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Perancangan Menu</span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Maksud</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">satu senarai hidangan lengkap untuk sesuatu sajian</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Tujuan merancang menu</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>i.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Menyediakan sajian yang diperlukan</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>ii.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Menjimatkan masa, tenaga dan bahan</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>iii.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Menyediakan sajian yang enak, menarik dan berkhasiat</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>iv.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Menyediakan sajian yang menepati anggaran belanjawan</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Faktor penentu Menu</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span> .<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Tujuan sajian - tentukan majlis formal atau tidak formal</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>i.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Kegemaran - tentukan jenis menu yang digemari atau yang dipesan. Kenal pasti pelanggan</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>ii.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Kepelbagaian - hidangan mengandungi variasi dari segi kaedah memasak, bahan yang digunakan , warna dan rasa.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>iii.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Kemudahan fizikal - bergantung kepada peralatan dan kemudahan yang ada</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>iv.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Keperluan - bergantung kepada keperluan , keadaan fizikal dan kesihatan tetamu</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>v.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Sumber tenaga dan masa - makanan dapat disiapkan dengan sempurna seperti yang dirancang</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>vi.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Bilangan tetamu - bilangan tetamu harus diketahui lebih awal mengelakkan makanan yang tidak mencukupi atau mengelakkan pembaziran</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>vii.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Perbelanjaan - Menu mestilah berdasarkan peruntukkan yang ditentukan</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>viii.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Sumber makanan - boleh didapati dengan mudah , segar dan berkualiti</span></span></div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;">
<span style="color: cyan; font-size: 13.5pt;">Cara memasak dan menyediakan makanan</span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="background-color: #ffff99; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; width: 654px;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">Masak Tanpa Minyak </span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">Masak dengan sedikit minyak </span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">Masak dengan banyak minyak </span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: white; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: white; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="color: cyan;"> </span></div>
</td><td style="background-color: white; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="color: cyan;"> </span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">Mengukus</span><br />
<span style="color: cyan;">Menggril</span><br />
<span style="color: cyan;">Membakar</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">Menggoreng dengan sedikit minyak</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">Menggoreng</span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">B.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Menyedia dan Penyajian Hidangan</span></b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Hidangan sepinggan lengkap</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span> .<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="color: cyan; font-size: 13.5pt;">Maksud<br />Hidangan seimbang yang mengandungi semua nutrien yang diperlukan oleh tubuh</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>i.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Ciri-ciri hidangan sepinggan lengkap</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Mudah</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Ringkas</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">c.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Berkhasiat</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">d.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Cepat disediakan</span></span></div>
<div align="center" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="color: cyan;"><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br />Piramid makanan</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">ii.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Contoh hidangan sepinggan lengkap</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Bihun goreng</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Nasi goreng<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">c.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Kuetiau goreng</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">d.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Burger<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">e.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Pizza</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">f.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><place w:st="on"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Sandwich</span></place><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">g.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Kebab<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">h.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Nasi kerabu</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">i.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Lontong</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">j.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Bubur nasi<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">k.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Roti canai dengan kuah dal</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Alatan dan kelengkapan dapur</span></span></div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;">
<b><span style="background-color: yellow; color: cyan; font-size: 13.5pt;">Alatan Menyedia</span></b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"></span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span> <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><br />
<span style="color: cyan;">Landas cincang</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span> <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><br />
<span style="color: cyan;">Camca besar</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="color: cyan;">Mangkuk adunan</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span> <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><br />
<span style="color: cyan;">Pisau sayur</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span> <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><br />
<span style="color: cyan;">Jag Penyukat</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="color: cyan;">Pisau daging</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="color: cyan;">Pisau roti</span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;">
<b><span style="background-color: yellow; color: cyan; font-size: 13.5pt;">Alatan Memasak</span></b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"></span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="color: cyan;">Periuk</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="color: cyan;">Dapur gas</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="color: cyan;">Kuali</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span> <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><br />
<span style="color: cyan;">Lesung batu dan anak lesung</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span> <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><br />
<span style="color: cyan;">Pan Penggoreng</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"> <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><br />
<span style="color: cyan;">Penapis</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="color: cyan;">Pengukus</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"> <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><br />
<span style="color: cyan;">Sudip</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="color: cyan;">Cerek</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="color: cyan;">Senduk sup</span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;">
<b><span style="background-color: yellow; color: cyan; font-size: 13.5pt;">Alatan Menyaji / menghidang</span></b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"></span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span> <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><br />
<span style="color: cyan;">Mangkuk telur</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span> <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><br />
<span style="color: cyan;">Camca</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="color: cyan;">Teko teh</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="color: cyan;">Garpu</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="color: cyan;">Cawan dan piring</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="color: cyan;">Pisau mentega</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span> <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><br />
<span style="color: cyan;">Pinggan makan</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"> <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><br />
<span style="color: cyan;">Senduk nasi</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;">
<b><span style="background-color: yellow; color: cyan; font-size: 13.5pt;">Kain Dapur</span></b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"></span></div>
<div align="center" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="margin-left: 1in; width: 414px;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 31px;" width="8%"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 122px;" width="30%"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">Jenis kain</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">Kegunaan</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 31px;" width="8%"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">1</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 122px;" width="30%"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">Kain pengelap</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">Mengelap pinggan mangkuk dan kutleri</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 31px;" width="8%"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">2</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 122px;" width="30%"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">Kain pencuci</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">Mencuci pinggan mangkuk dan perkakas dapur</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 31px;" width="8%"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">3</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 122px;" width="30%"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">Tuala Tangan</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">Mengesat dan mengeringkan tangan yang basah</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 31px;" width="8%"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">4</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 122px;" width="30%"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">Kain Maslin</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">Menutup makanan yang telah dimasak atau yang belum dimasak</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 31px;" width="8%"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">5</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 122px;" width="30%"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">Kain Pengelap lantai</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">Mengelap cecair yang tumpah di atas lantai</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 31px;" width="8%"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">6</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 122px;" width="30%"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">Sarung Tangan Ketuhar</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">Mengangkat alatan panas dari dapur atau ketuhar</span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div align="center" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> .<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Dapur yang baik haruslah</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Mempunyai ruang kerja yang selesa untuk bergerak dan meletakan alatan dan bahan</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Mengandungi alatan penjimat masa seperti pengisar, ketuhar dan lain-lain</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">c.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Mengandungi alatan makanan seperti pinggan, camca, garpu, cawan dan sebagainya</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">d.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Terdapat alatan pembersih dan kain pembersih</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">e.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Meja kerja dan alatan yang bersih</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 2in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">f.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Mengandungi peranggu meja yang bersesuaian dengan jenis sajian</span></span></div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /><span style="color: cyan;">Dapur mestilah kemas dan bersih</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Penyediaan Makanan</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -1in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span> .<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Sediakan semua alatan dan bahan yang diperlukan</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>i.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Bersihkan bahan mentah yang perlu</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>ii.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Gunakan alat penjimat masa</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>iii.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Gunakan masa dan tenaga sebaik-baiknya</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>iv.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Berjimat ketika menggunakan bahan masakan dan bahan api</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>v.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Aturkan meja kerja dengan menggunakan bekas-bekas yang sesuai</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>vi.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Jangan sepahkan bahan-bahan di atas meja</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>vii.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Gunakan alatan yang betul dengan cara yang betul dan cermat</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>viii.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Pastikan setiap masakan cukup rasa dan menepati cita rasa</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>ix.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Tetapkan masa untuk menyediakan masakan</span></span></div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;">
<b><span style="background-color: yellow; color: cyan; font-size: 13.5pt;">Alat Penjimat Masa</span></b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"></span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="color: cyan;">Ketuhar</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="color: cyan;">Pembakar roti</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="color: cyan;">Pengisar</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="color: cyan;">Periuk Nasi Elektrik</span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Menghias dan menyajikan makanan</span></span></div>
<div align="center" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /><span style="color: cyan;">Hidangan ala barat</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Membuat pengiraan kos</span></span></div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /><span style="color: cyan;">Pengiraan Kos Untuk Nasi Goreng<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br /><b>A. Pengiraan <place w:st="on">Kos</place> Bahan</b></span></span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="background-color: #ffff99; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; width: 466px;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 21px;" width="5%"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">Bahan </span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 91px;" width="20%"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">Kuantiti </span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 114px;" width="25%"><div class="MsoNormal">
<place w:st="on"><span style="color: cyan;">Kos</place> seunit</span><br />
<span style="color: cyan;">(RM) </span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 114px;" width="25%"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">Harga </span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 21px;" width="5%"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">1 </span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><b>Bahan kering</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><br />
<span style="color: cyan;">Bawang Merah </span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 91px;" width="20%"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">2 ulas </span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 114px;" width="25%"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 114px;" width="25%"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 21px;" width="5%"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">2 </span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">Bawang putih </span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 91px;" width="20%"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">1 ulas </span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 114px;" width="25%"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 114px;" width="25%"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 21px;" width="5%"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">3 </span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">Udang kering </span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 91px;" width="20%"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">2 Camb. </span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 114px;" width="25%"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 114px;" width="25%"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 21px;" width="5%"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">4 </span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">Kicap </span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 91px;" width="20%"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">Secukup rasa </span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 114px;" width="25%"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 114px;" width="25%"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 21px;" width="5%"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">5 </span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">Minyak masak </span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 91px;" width="20%"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">2 Camb. </span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 114px;" width="25%"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 114px;" width="25%"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 21px;" width="5%"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">6 </span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">Garam </span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 91px;" width="20%"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">mengikut rasa </span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 114px;" width="25%"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 114px;" width="25%"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 21px;" width="5%"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">7 </span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">Serbuk lada sulah </span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 91px;" width="20%"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">Mengikut rasa </span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 114px;" width="25%"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 114px;" width="25%"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 21px;" width="5%"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">8 </span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: cyan;">Bahan basah</span></b><br />
<span style="color: cyan;">Nasi </span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 91px;" width="20%"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">2 cawan </span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 114px;" width="25%"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 114px;" width="25%"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 21px;" width="5%"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">9 </span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">Kacang panjang </span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 91px;" width="20%"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">4 batang </span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 114px;" width="25%"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 114px;" width="25%"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 21px;" width="5%"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">10 </span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">Lobak Merah </span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 91px;" width="20%"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">1/2 batang </span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 114px;" width="25%"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 114px;" width="25%"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 21px;" width="5%"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">11 </span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">Daun bawang </span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 91px;" width="20%"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">2 helai </span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 114px;" width="25%"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 114px;" width="25%"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 21px;" width="5%"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">12 </span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">Cili Merah </span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 91px;" width="20%"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">1 biji </span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 114px;" width="25%"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 114px;" width="25%"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 21px;" width="5%"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;">13 </span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">Timun </span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 91px;" width="20%"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">3 hiris </span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 114px;" width="25%"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 114px;" width="25%"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 21px;" width="5%"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 91px;" width="20%"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 114px;" width="25%"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">JUMLAH </span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in; width: 114px;" width="25%"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /><b><span style="color: cyan;">B. Pengiraan Kos Upah</span></b></span></div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;">
<span style="color: cyan; font-size: 13.5pt;">Bilangan pekerja x Masa x Kadar upah sejam<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br />= 1 orang x 1/2 jam x RM3.00</span></div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="color: cyan;">= RM1.50<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br /><b>C. Pengiraan Kos Overhead</b></span></span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">i</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"> Air</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"> RM0.20</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;">ii</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"> Gas</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"> RM0.40</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"> Jumlah</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"> <span class="apple-converted-space"><b> </b></span><b>RM0.60</b></span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Jumlah Keseluruhan Kos</span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /><place w:st="on"><span style="color: cyan;">Kos</place> bahan + Kos Upah + Kos Overhead<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br />RM XX.XX + RM1.50 + RM0.60 = ............<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span></div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;">
<span style="color: cyan; font-size: 13.5pt;">Pelajar digalakkan memasukan angaran kos berdasarkan harga semasa dan jumlahkan.<br /> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">6.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><b><span style="background-color: yellow; font-size: 13.5pt;">Sanitasi makanan</span></b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"></span></span></div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;">
<span style="color: cyan; font-size: 13.5pt;">Maksud - kawalan kebersihan dalam penyediaan makanan</span></div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;">
<span style="color: cyan; font-size: 13.5pt;">Tujuan - supaya makanan tidak mudah rosak, tercemar dan beracun</span></div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;">
<span style="color: cyan; font-size: 13.5pt;">Peringkat sanitasi : sebelum, semasa dan selepas menyedia dan memasak makanan</span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="background-color: #ffff99; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; width: 522px;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: cyan;">Sebelum </span></b></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: cyan;">Semasa </span></b></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: cyan;">Selepas </span></b></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span>Utama kebersihan diri</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span>Dapur hendaklah kelihatan bersih dan kemas</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span>Muka dan tangan mestilah kelihatan bersih</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span>Rambut kemas atau diikat</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span>Ambil makanan dengan penyepit, sudu atau garpu</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span>Gunakan kain bersih untuk mengelap </span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span>Semua alatan yang digunakan hendaklah dibasuh dan dikeringkan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span>Simpan ditempat yang sesuai</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span>Rebus kain dapur dan basuh dengan pembasmi kuman bila perlu</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span>Sisa makanan hendaklah dibungkus dengan kemas dan dibuang </span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /><span style="color: cyan;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">C.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Etika Makan</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="color: cyan;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="color: cyan; font-size: 13.5pt;">Maksud etika Makan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br />Adab dan sopan semasa makan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Beberapa etika Makan</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span> .<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Duduk dengan selesa dan rapatkan kaki</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">jangan menundukkan badan dan meletakkan siku di atas meja</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Duduk bersimpuh atau bersila jika makan di bawah</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>c.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Tunggu semua orang hadir</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>d.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Jemput tetamu atau orang yang lebih tua makan dahulu</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>e.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Ambil makanan yang paling hampir dahulu</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>f.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Minta orang yang berdekatan dengan makanan untuk menghulurkan makanan</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>g.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Kunyah makanan dengan perlahan</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>h.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Jangan minum minuman dalam keadaan panas</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>i.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Kumpulkan sisa makanan dihujung pinggan atau dalam piring</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>j.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="color: cyan; font-size: 13.5pt;">Gunakan kutleri dengan senyap dan betul<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br /><br />Kutleri</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>k.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Minta izin dahulu jika ingin meninggalkan tempat makan</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: -1.5in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span>l.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Jangan mencungkil gigi dihadapan orang lain</span></span></div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;">
<b><span style="background-color: yellow; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="color: cyan;">Peranggu Meja<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span></b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /><span style="color: cyan;">Peranggu meja ialah susun atur meja hidangan</span></span></div>
<div style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in;">
<span style="color: cyan; font-size: 13.5pt;">Adab Makan</span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; margin-left: 1in; width: 520px;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="color: cyan;">Orang Melayu dan <country-region w:st="on">India</country-region></span><br />
<span style="color: cyan;">terkenal dengan makan bersila</span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.75pt; padding-left: 0.75pt; padding-right: 0.75pt; padding-top: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="color: cyan;">Orang Inggeris</span><br />
<span style="color: cyan;">terkenal dengan makan dimeja</span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="color: cyan;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<br class="Apple-interchange-newline" />Gohextremehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15547852305289333442noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6291458943068820024.post-47171204878613044352012-06-13T14:27:00.001+08:002012-06-13T14:27:21.621+08:00五、如何欣赏作品中的形象?<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiTpSmhhCL0hyphenhyphenPobQOVUr_RD0aKi520gKzp6xEiH-LOYbqUGOTgHtl-E_w11ELoyoiXCodk4BVJDjWXIdER_cn2ATC-uU-RmYTzfcvm5S_Zo9mWmJlESxBqaH5xBO1NMuoHepzXiRiIEJI/s1600/images6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiTpSmhhCL0hyphenhyphenPobQOVUr_RD0aKi520gKzp6xEiH-LOYbqUGOTgHtl-E_w11ELoyoiXCodk4BVJDjWXIdER_cn2ATC-uU-RmYTzfcvm5S_Zo9mWmJlESxBqaH5xBO1NMuoHepzXiRiIEJI/s1600/images6.jpg" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
作品中的形象主要指文章中的人物形象和写景状物类散文中的景、物等艺术形象。<br />
<br />
每逢山溪水涨,他就守候在溪边,把他的学生一个一个背过小溪。惊悸的浊浪,滑溜溜的卵石,使他名声远播,某报撰文颂曰:《人桥》!<br />
不久,他被提拔为文教班主任。<br />
接替他的,是一个较小的姑娘。姑娘没有勇气涉过小溪,更谈不上背孩子渡水, 于是一到雨天黄昏,对岸就排着一支家长的队伍,一律裤腿高挽。<br />
姑娘开始了奔波。她给文教办写信,向教育局长报告,跟家长争吵,掏出自己的工资带头集资……不久,小溪上架起了一座钢筋水泥结构的桥。孩子们可以顺顺畅畅上学了。<br />
姑娘至今还在山村小学,教着四年级的50名学生。 《桥》
<br />
<br />
思考 小说《桥》中的两个人物做着帮学生过河的同一件事,但人物形象有没有差别?<br />
<br />
解答<br />
<br />
<br />
说明<br />
我们通过对小说故事情节的分析可以知道:前者背学生过河,显得陈旧落后,不能适应当今社会发展的新形势;后者想方设法在河上架起一座桥,具有开拓创新精神,能够顺应今天时代发展的需要。<br />
下面就来谈谈欣赏的方法。<br /><br />1. 欣赏文章中的人物形象。<br />(1) 把握人物形象的思想、性格特征。<br />i. 从情节入手,把握人物思想性格。作品中人物的思想性格是在情节发展之中表现出来的,并随着故事情节的发展逐步完善,所以要把人物放在一定的故事情节之中理解其思想性格。<br />半年后,公司又招聘了一批员工,总经理对新员工又交代了一次“不要走进那个没挂门牌的房间”。<br />这时,有个年轻人在下面小声嘀咕了一句:“为什么?”<br />总经理满脸严肃地答道:“不为什么?”<br />回到岗位上,那个年轻人还在不解地思考着总经理的吩咐,其他人便劝他只管干好自己的工作,别的不用瞎操心,听总经理的,没错。<br />年轻人却好奇地偏要刨根问底。众人便拿出公司的规章制度,提醒他别砸了手里让人羡慕的饭碗。<br />可年轻人偏偏来了犟脾气,非要走进那个房间看看。<br />他轻轻地扣门,没有反应,再轻轻一推,虚掩着的门开了。不大的房间里只摆了一张桌子,桌子上放着一个纸牌,而且沾满了灰尘,上面用红笔写着几个字——把纸牌送给总经理。<br />年轻人十分困惑地拿起那个已沾了许多灰尘的纸牌,走出房间。<br />这时,闻知年轻人闯入了那个禁止进去的房间,又拿出一个纸牌,有人开始为他担忧,有人替他出主意,劝他赶紧把纸牌送回去,大家同情地表示:一定替他保密,谁也不说他曾进入那个房间。<br />可年轻人却谢绝了众人的好意,乘电梯直奔15楼的总经理办公室。当他将那个纸牌交到总经理的手中时,总经理一脸笑意地宣布了一项让他震惊的结果——“从现在起,你被任命为销售部经理”。<br />…… (《虚掩着的门》)<br />说明:文章通过对年轻人走进了一间明令禁止进入的房间,并拿出一张纸牌交给总经理从而得到重用的情节,表现了年轻人不被条条框框束缚、勇于走进某种“禁区”,具有开拓进取精神的特点。<br /><br />(2) 通过分析小说对人物的外貌、语言、动作、心理等方面的描写入手,把握人物思想性格。<br /> 丫姑野性,胆子比人的个儿还大;她把黑油油的大辫子七盘八绕在脖子上,雪白的牙齿咬着辫梢儿,光了脚丫子,双手合抱比她的腰还粗的树身,哧溜溜,哧溜溜,一直爬上树梢,岔开腿骑在树杈上。<br /><br />说明:这段文字运用外貌和动作描写表现了丫姑的野性和胆大。<br /><br />六、牛刀小试<br /><br />一锅热汤热腾腾的窜出淡灰色的烟雾,便让人觉得幸福,表示年节到了,五十年代,只有年节,才有可能在桌子上摆放一锅上好的热锅,让人垂涎欲滴似的,等待开动。<br />爸爸上桌了,严肃地说了一声:“吃吧!”<br />孩子们飞快地把筷子斜斜插出,仿佛寻找隐伏于锅底的宝物,一筷接一筷,在青菜与豆腐铺底而成的火锅中,找寻细细小小的碎肉片,将它慢慢地放入口中,混着口液,眯着双眼,让细肉轻轻在口腔里滑动游移,悄悄地溜进食道,落入胃、肠之间。<br />一块肉,给人无比的幸福。<br />五十年代的幸福好简单,也好值得回味。 节选自游乾桂《谱写幸福的滋味》<br />1. “隐伏于锅底的宝物”指的是 ________________。<br /><br />2. “将它慢慢地放入口中,混着口液,眯着双眼……”表示出的是<br />A 食不下咽的模样。<br />B狼吞虎咽,差点噎住的模样。<br />C慢慢品尝,舍不得吞下去的模样。<br />D食物太烫,没办法一口吞下去的模样。<br /><br />3. “五十年代的幸福好简单”,意思是<br />A 当时的人心思单纯 B 当时的物价比较低廉<br />C 当时的人比较知足惜福 D 当时的人比较重视过年<br /><br />答案: 1碎肉片 2 C 3 C<br /><br />年轻的时候,总是紧紧跟随周遭的人群,急着向前走,急着想知道一切,急着要得到我应该可以得到的东西。却要到今天才能明白,我以为我争夺到手的也就是我拱手让出的,我以为我从此得到的其实就是我从此失去的。<br /> 但是,如果想改正和挽回这一切,却需要有更多和更大的勇气才行。人到中年,逐渐有了一种不同的价值观,原来认为很重要的事情竟然不再那么重要了,而一直被自己有意忽略了的种种却开始不断前来呼唤我,就像那草叶间的风声,那海洋起伏的呼吸,还有那夜里一地的月光。<br /> 多希望能够把脚步放慢,多希望能够回答大自然里所有美丽的生命的呼唤!<br />节选自席慕蓉《生命的滋味》<br />1. 第一段的意思是<br />A 时光易逝,青春不在。 C 得到了名利却迷失了心灵。<br />B 说明欲速不达的道理。 D 年轻时常随波逐流,缺乏主见。<br />2. 第二段“不同的价值观”,指的是心灵的<br />A 落叶归根 B 返璞归真<br />C 改邪归正 D 万境归空<br /><br />3. 根据本文,下列何者不是“大自然美丽生命的呼唤”?<br />A 年轻的欢笑声<br />B 草叶间的风声<br />C 海洋起伏的呼吸<br />D 夜里一地的月光<br /><br />答案:1 C 2 B 3 A<br /><br /><br />
“雅舍”最宜月夜——地势较高,得月较先。看山头吐月,红盘乍涌,一霎间,清光四射,天空皎洁,四野无声,微闻犬吠,坐客无不悄然!舍前有两棵梨树,等到
月升中天,清光丛树间筛洒而来,地上阴影斑斓,此时尤为幽绝。直到兴阑人散,归房就寝,月光仍逼近窗来,助我凄凉。
节选自梁实秋《雅舍小品》<br /><br />1. 本文主要在描写雅舍的__________________。<br /><br />2. “山头吐月,红盘乍涌”是形容_____________________。<br /><br />3. 根据文中的描写,“地上阴影斑斓”,呈现出的是什么景象?<br />A天空乌云密布<br />B 水泼撒到地面上<br />C月光透过窗棂,照射到屋内<br />D月光透过树叶隙缝,照射在地面上<br /><br />答案: 1月夜景象 2月亮渐渐从山边升起的样子 3 D<br /><br /> 中国的文字实在奇妙,单单一个“忍”字,拆开来的意思就是心头一把刀,可见忍耐是一门多么艰难的功课。<br /> 在逆境中要忍耐,不要让不顺利的环境、失意的打击一再影响自己,只要坚持信心,继续努力,逆境也会化为顺境。<br /> 在贫寒中也要忍耐,贫寒不足以消磨一个人的志气,只有视贫寒为耻辱的人,才会陷自己于进退失据中。<br /> 失意中固然要忍耐,避免因为一时失意、他人的冷淡而愤世嫉俗,怨天尤人。<br /> 得意中固然要忍耐,人常得意忘形,骄傲自负,这时更应警惕,虚怀若谷,当能给自己营造一个更成功、更和谐的环境。<br />节选自杏林子《忍耐》<br /><br />1. “在逆境中要忍耐,不要让不顺利的环境、失意的打击一再影响自己”,意思近于<br />A 出师未捷身先死,常使英雄泪满襟。 C 羌笛何须怨杨柳,春风不度玉门关。 <br />B 不经一番寒彻骨,哪得梅花扑鼻香。 D 此情可待成追忆,只是当时已惘然。<br />2. 作者为什么认为“得意中更要忍耐”?<br /><br />3. 根据你对“六书”的认识,“忍”字应该是<br />A 象形字 B指事字<br />C会意字 D 形声字<br /><br />答案: 1 B 2过于骄傲容易导致失败 3 D<br /><br />“静坐常思己过,闲谈莫论人非。”这句话虽然听来未免迂腐,可是,仔细想想,它却有很值得我们遵行的地方。<br />“静坐常思己过”,是一种反省的功夫。我们假如常能在静下来的时候,想到自己在做事或待人方面有疏忽有亏欠的地方,自然就减少了对人抱怨嫉恨或报复的心情;也同时由于明白了自己的过失而得到一些警惕,以后将不致再犯同样的过错。这是前人劝我们“静坐常思己过”的真正意义。<br />至于“闲谈莫论是非”则更是我们为人处世的一条金科玉律。<br />把谈论别人是非的精神用来“常思己过”,既可减少得罪人的机会,又可随时改正了自己的缺点,可以说是一举两得。<br />有人说:“假如我们都知道别人在背后怎样谈论我们的话,恐怕连一个朋友也没有了。”这并不是一句否定人与人之间友情的话,相反的,它正可以告诉我们,对背后的闲话尽可不必去认真打听和计较。<br />要知道,人们背后一时兴之所至,谈到了你的过错或缺点,说了对你不利的话,这是人之常情。即使他是你的朋友,偶尔一两次顺口说来的话,也并不证明他不够朋友。假如你不知道,这事情就会和根本没有发生过一样。<br />可是,假如你时常担心别人背后对你的谈论,而要千方百计地去打听的话,传话的人可能会把事情夸张些或歪曲些。这样一来,本是无意之间的闲谈,就会成为相当严重的有意的中伤,当然就会影响到朋友之间的感情。 节选自罗兰《宽以待人》<br /><br />1. 下列哪一项不是“静坐常思已过”的好处?<br />A减少得罪人的机会。<br />B改正了自己的缺点。<br />C明白了自己的过失而得到一些警惕。<br />D反省别人对待我们有哪些疏忽或亏欠的地方。<br /><br />2. “假如我们都知道别人在背后怎样讨论我们的话,恐怕连一个朋友也没有了。”这句话主要的用意是在提醒我们什么?<br /><br />3. 本文认为,人们背后一时兴之所至,谈论他人的过失或缺点,是<br />A 不够朋友的表现 B 歪曲事实的表现<br />C 人之常情的表现 D 性格卑劣的表现<br /><br />答案: 1 D 2背后的闲话不需认真计较 3 C<br /><br />
读书并不在多,最重要的是选得精,读得彻底。与其读十部无关轻重的书,不如以读十部书的时间和精力去读一部真正值得读的书;与其读十部书都只能泛览一遍,
不如取一部书精读十遍。“好书不厌百回读,熟读深思子自知”这两句诗值得每个读书人悬为座右铭。读书原为自己受用,多读不能算荣誉,少读也不能算羞耻。少
读如果彻底,必能养成深思熟虑的习惯,涵泳优游,以至于变化气质;多读而不求甚解,则如驰骋十里洋场,虽珍奇满目,徒惹心花意乱,空手而归。世间许多人读
书只为装点门面。如暴发户炫耀家私,以多为贵。这在治学方面是自欺欺人,在做人方面是趣味低劣。 节选自朱光潜《谈读书》<br />注:十里洋场:比喻热闹繁华的地区。<br /><br />1. 作者认为,真正的读书应该是<br />A 多读而不求甚解 B 熟读深思好的作品<br />C读书多是最高的荣誉 D 书读得少的人通常兴趣也比较低劣<br /><br />2. “世间许多人读书只为装点门面”意思是<br />A 为了提高身份与地位而读书 B 为了养成深思熟虑的习惯<br />C 可以出口成章,充实内涵 D 想赚大钱住豪宅<br /><br />3. 根据本文,哪一个不是读书的目的?<br />A 自己受益 B 变化气质<br />C 受人尊敬 D 养成深思熟虑的习惯<br /><br />答案: 1 B 2 A 3 C<br /><br />在
海边捡起的这一枚贝壳的时候,里面曾经居住过的小小柔软的肉体早已死去,在阳光、砂粒和海浪的淘洗之下,贝壳中生命所留下来的痕迹已经完全消失了。但是,
为了这样一个短暂和细小的生命,为了这样一个脆弱和卑微的生命,上苍给它制作出来的小居所却有许多精致、多仔细、多么地一丝不苟呢!<br /> 比起贝壳里的生命来,我在这世间能停留的时间和空间是不是更长和更多一点呢?是不是也应该用我的能力来把我所能做到的事情做得更精致、更仔细、更加地一丝不苟呢?<br /> 请让我也能留下一些令人珍惜、令人惊叹的东西来吧。<br /> 在千年以后,也许会有人对我留下的痕迹反复观看,反复把玩,并且会忍不住轻轻地叹息:“这是一颗怎样固执又怎样简单的心啊!” 节选自席慕蓉《贝壳》<br /><br />1. 本文表现出作者什么样的生活态度?<br /><br />2. 作者从一枚小贝壳中得到什么启示?<br />A 生于忧患,死于安乐。 C 万物静观皆自得,四时佳兴与人同。<br />B 君子疾没世而名不称焉。 D 人生得意须尽欢,莫使金樽空对月。<br /><br />3. 作者所谓“我留下的痕迹”,应该是指<br />A 贝壳 B 砂粒 C 固执的心 D 文艺创作<br /><br />答案: 1积极进取 2 B 3 D<br /> 老张(假定有这么一个人)驾驶汽车,送一个得了急病的邻居就医。路上车辆很多,秩序紊乱,而且每隔一百多公尺就有一个十字路口。老张心里急得要命,可是他不能闯红灯,不能按喇叭,不能超车抢道,他得耐着性子,在缓缓的车流中若无其事。<br /> 老张是办急事,而且是做好事,别人可能只不过是下班回家或出城兜风。尽管如此,他不能希望众车回避,绿灯常开,由他呼啸一声直驰而过。他得遵守交通规则,尊重一切别的车辆。否则,他的车子也许早已四轮朝天,不但病人延误了急救的机会,他自己也要头破血流了。<br />
做事要耐烦,做好事尤其如此。做坏事的人自知理屈,能忍受一切盘根错节之处,做好事理直气壮,容易愤慨负气,以致人间好事多磨,而坏事常成。昔人说:世上
多少好事,被坏人破坏了!也有多少好事,被好人办坏了!好人怎会办坏了好事呢?他心里当然是希望办好的,可是他缺少“成事”必须的韧性——他有的是“任
性”,认为他是好人,不屑于“忍气吞声”,事成了是你们的好处,事败了我没有损失。好吧,那就让它失败,给你们一点教训!<br /><br />节选自王鼎均《得礼让人》<br /><br />1. 作者举老张的例子,告诉我们如果得礼不让人,可能会<br />A 马到成功 B功亏一篑<br />C 弄假成真 D 头破血流<br /><br />2. “做坏事的人自知理屈,能忍受一切盘根错节之处”,文中“盘根错节”是比喻事情______。<br /><br />3. 为什么“好人会办坏好事”?<br /><br />答案: 1 B 2复杂难处理 3因为好人常任性,缺乏成事必须的韧性。<br /><br />写作,其实和生活有很大的关系。梁实秋先生曾经提到作文的三个阶段。他说:<br />第一阶段在初提笔时,容易感觉文思苦涩难以为继,或搜寻枯肠,敷衍成篇,自己也觉得内容贫乏索然寡味。<br />第二阶段是提起笔来,有个我在,对于什么意见都有意见;而且触类旁通,或枝节横生;有时逸出题目而莫知所云;有时旁征博引而轻重倒置。<br />第三阶段是要懂得割爱。不成熟的思想,不稳妥的意见,不切题的材料,不扼要的描写,不恰当的词字,统统要大刀阔斧的加以削删。删除枝蔓之后,才能显著整洁而有精神,清除而有姿态,简单而有力量。<br />第一阶段和读书少,学识不足,以及充实了学问,甚至见闻,但仍缺乏思想的启发有关。第二阶段则是思想不够分明、冷静,也不能节制自己的天马行空。第三阶段是精简浓缩,句句切题,贵精不贵多,能够舍得。<br />如
此看来,写作和生活实在很密切。多读书才能改变气质,增加心灵的视野,思想的深度。而培养个人的条理纪律,保持不随便任意评论的习惯;以及如同面对自己喜
爱的文字,对自己喜爱的事物,如不切实际,就要割舍。写作,能够发表,甚至得到知音,也有实质的收获,那是最好不过的事。否则,以写作来训练自己对于生活
的态度,增加自己内在的克制力,启发智性潜能,也都是极为有意义的人生练习。 节选自杨国明《人生练习——写作》<br />注:搜索枯肠:比喻竭力思索。<br />1. “容易感觉文思苦涩难以为继,或搜寻枯肠,敷衍成篇”的原因是什么?<br /><br />2. “写作需割爱”,意思是文章<br />A 需触类旁通 B贵精不贵多<br />C 不需引用太多事例 D 不要随便任意评论<br /><br />3. 作者认为写作和生活的关系<br />A 毫无关系 B 非常密切<br />C 写作对生活毫无实质助益 D 写作对生活是一种甜蜜的负担<br /><br />4. 下列哪一句成语是对文章内容正面的夸奖?<br />A 索然寡味 B 不知所云<br />C旁征博引 D味同嚼蜡<br /><br />答案: 1读书少,学识不足。 2 B 3 B 4 C<br /><br /> 读寻人启事的时候,女孩正坐在长椅上,浓浓的树阴牢牢笼罩着椅子,这就像母爱,寒冷而郁闷,女孩无言。<br /> 用女孩的逻辑讲,母亲不疼她,母亲除了爱好挣钱之外,最大的偏爱就是苛求她。必须、不准、专制、独裁是女孩给母亲的定义,并作为对母亲的代称。<br /> 离开这个没有温暖的家,女孩蓄谋已久了。女孩在留下这样一张纸条后,终于把计划变成现实:“妈,我走了,按您的意思去把铁变成钢。别找我,我会活得很好。别忘了,我很漂亮。”<br /> 读这留言,女孩感到报复的快意。<br /> 令女孩满意的是,母亲第二天就调动了A市的新闻媒体,登了寻人启事,这要花很多钱的。能让母亲花不必要的钱,女孩心里高兴。<br /> 你永远找不到我。女孩甩头向火车站走去。在B市,女孩卖报、做工。只有在离家的时候才能品味出家的温暖。<br /> 半个月后,母亲把寻人启事散发到了B市,这次的寻人启事颇有一些检讨书的味道:女儿,回来吧,妈不再……不再……女孩开始惭愧。可不能就这么投降,女孩咬咬牙又去了C市。<br /> 每天晚上抱着寻人启事的报纸入眠,已经成了离家后女孩的一种习惯。在C市的两个月里,没有新的寻人启事,女孩感到失落和不安。<br /> 后来,女孩终于在《C市日报》上找到了一篇与自己有关的文字,但不是寻人启事,而是一则生日祝福:“女儿,生日快乐!”短短的几个字让女孩失眠了。<br /> 给母亲打电话,女孩第一次拨通了那个自己私下默念过百遍、千遍的号码。“此用户寻女未归,请留言。”挂上电话,女孩已泪流满面。<br /> 合同期总算结束了,女孩风尘仆仆赶回A市,她颤抖着按响了门铃,开门的却是个陌生人。原来,为了筹资找女儿,几天前,母亲将房子卖掉,去了南方。<br /> 第二天,报纸上多了一则启事:<br /> 寻母,速归。 <br /> 金文吉《寻人启事》<br />1. 第三段“没有温暖的家”是什么意思?<br />2. 请根据文章内容对“没有温暖”作出具体说明。<br />3. 文章第四段说“读这留言,女孩感到报复的快意”,请写出这“留言”中所包含的“报复的快意”。<br />4. 把“母亲”的三次“寻人启事”看作一个变化过程,你从中读出了什么?女儿三次读“寻人启事”及给母亲打电话后的心态变化说明了什么?<br /><br />答案:<br />1. 母亲只顾挣钱,忽略了对女儿的精神关爱。<br />2. 对女儿限制太多。<br />3. 女孩借母亲的话来讽刺母亲;没有你,我活的更好;我可能利用美貌作为资本来求得生存。<br />4. 母亲认识到了自己的不足,正在改变对女儿的态度。女儿一步一步理解了母亲,加深了对母亲的感情。E-Learning Portalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14278228840381264582noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6291458943068820024.post-58841293705047421912012-06-13T14:22:00.000+08:002012-06-13T14:22:48.537+08:00三,如何理解词语在具体语境中的含义和作用,如何理解记叙文中重点句子的含义<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-w_FDD2xA8vMPpuM_WwbPClS8u8IhTRNMld-HevBx_etu2b1L0WyHg_jC_vokRkid3u6nBLCAifzv8seCk835B8b-iOg66pgZqoi6IfP1ZwtO2k7OhXKHbtbzNDpw2NDQMjfv19jXWxyk/s1600/images4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-w_FDD2xA8vMPpuM_WwbPClS8u8IhTRNMld-HevBx_etu2b1L0WyHg_jC_vokRkid3u6nBLCAifzv8seCk835B8b-iOg66pgZqoi6IfP1ZwtO2k7OhXKHbtbzNDpw2NDQMjfv19jXWxyk/s1600/images4.jpg" /></a></div>
三、如何理解词语在具体语境中的含义和作用?<br /><br /> 词语是构成文章的基本单位,理解词语在文中的含义是阅读文章的基础,我们可以通过以下方法把握词语在具体语境中的含义:<br /><br />1. 理解多义词的选项。<br /> 有时,遇到多义词,要结合上下文,借助工具书,弄清词语用的是它的本义还是引申义,亦或是比喻义。<br /><br /> 例1 剩下的生命越是短暂,我愈要使之过得丰盈充实。 (《热爱生命》)<br /> “丰盈”一次有两个含义:一指身体丰满,二指富裕。从文中看,形容生命的价值,应该选用“丰富”这一词义。<br /><br /> 例2 这朦胧的橘红的光,实在照不了多远,但这小姑娘的镇定、勇敢、乐观的精 <br /> 神鼓舞了我,我似乎觉得眼前有无限光明。 (《小橘灯》)<br /> “朦胧”的两个词义分别是“月光不明”和“不清楚,模糊”,在文中,用来形容小橘灯的光,很明显应该用后一个词义。<br /> 例3 天使的声音在耳边吹拂,这是老师的吗?我怔了一下,缓过神,这“批评”<br /> 是对着我的吗?怎么闻不到硝烟味?<br /> “硝烟味”在这里运用的是比喻义,指老师语气的严厉或大声的批评、呵斥。<br /><br />2. 揣摩词语的指代义或概括义。<br /> 记叙文中有些词语具有一定的指代意义,往往用来指代文中的一些人、事、物、景,其指代的对象一般出现在前文中。我们可以从上文中由近及远地寻找,理解其含义;有些词语概括能力很强,往往提示或总结某些内容,理解时候要结合上下文的有关内容,正确理解它的概括义。<br /><br /> 例4 对于叔叔回国这桩十拿九稳的事,大家还议定了上千种计划。甚至计划到要用这 位叔叔的钱置一所别墅。我不敢肯定父亲对于这个计划是不是进行了商谈。 (《我的叔叔于勒》)<br /> 文中的代词“这个”指的就是前文提到的用叔叔的钱置一所别墅的计划。<br /><br /><br />3. 揣摩词语的特殊含义。<br /> 特殊含义是指词语在特殊的语境中所具有的临时性含义。<br /><br /> 例5 鸟儿将巢安在繁华嫩叶当中,高兴起来了,呼朋引伴地卖弄清脆的喉咙,唱出宛转的曲子,跟清风流水应和着。 (《春》)<br /> “卖弄”的本义是有意地显示自己的本事,带有贬义色彩,但文中指鸟鸣的清脆悦耳,烘托出春天和悦的气氛。<br /><br /> 例6 我希望他们不再像我,又大家隔膜起来……然而我又不愿意他们因为要一气,都如我的辛苦碾转而生活,也不愿意他们都如闰土的辛苦麻木而生活,也不愿意都如别人的辛苦恣睢而生活。 (《故乡》)<br /> 文中的三个“辛苦”因为指代的对象不同,就有了不同的含义。第一个“辛苦”指如“我”一样的奔波劳碌;第二个“辛苦”指如闰土一样的辛勤劳苦;第三个则指如官绅一类人的生活,他们行为放纵而凶暴,胡作非为。<br /><br />4. 理解词语的深层意义。<br /> 有时,对词语的理解不能从字面分析。要注意联系上下文乃至全文的内容,联系全文的主旨和作品的写作背景去理解,从中窥见词语的深刻含义。<br /><br /> 例7 我到现在终于没有见——大约孔乙己的确死了。 (《故乡》)<br /> <br />
文中“大约”和“的确”看似矛盾,其实隐含深意:从前文所叙述的情节并不能断定孔乙己一定是死了,所以说是“大约”,但是,联系孔乙己生活的时代背景,联
系作者的写作意图去理解,作为失去谋生能力的孔乙己,“死”是其必然的结局,所以说是“的确”。在轻描淡写之中,控诉了那个社会制度的恶罪。<br /> 例8 一踏进两行菜篮的中间,就总会感觉到菜篮的后面那一双双渴望的目光。……若是你摇摇头走开了,你背后的目光便暗淡下来。 (《买菜的心情》) <br /><br /> “暗淡”一词形象地表现了卖菜人心中的失望。<br /><br />
我茫然无措地搜寻着来自它周围的威胁物。显然,我没有找到,只能任凭它像个不规则的亮点在远处的苍穹中变得越来越恍惚。正是在这种恍惚中,我下意识地瞅瞅
我那照相器材:探出去的长镜头像枪口一样,正瞄准了这只无辜的小生灵。顿时,我明白了我的错误。它是担心,我按住快门的手会在瞬间发射出夺命的子弹。
<br />(《镜头下逃命的藏羚羊》)<br /><br />思考 根据文意,说说下面加点的词语“错误”的具体含义是什么?<br /><br />解答<br /> <br /><br />说明<br /> 我们在理解“错误”这个词的含义时,一定要放在语境中去考察。<br /> 从前文可以知道藏羚羊受到了威胁,而“我”在看到自己的照相器材时知道了它所受的威胁来自于“我”那形状像抢的长镜头,再结合语段的最后一句话就可以正确把握“错误”一词在文中的含义。<br /><br />四、如何理解记叙文中重点句子的含义?<br /><br />要理解文章中重点句子的含义,首先要弄清楚什么是“重点句子”,它一般指那些能够表现文章中心、突出人物性格特征、体现人物内在情感或其他具有深刻含义的语句。<br /><br />1. 从关键词语入手理解句子含义。<br /><br />例1 第二天,他在阳光温暖的抚触下,从极深的禅室里睁开眼睛,看到他披在小偷身上的外衣被整齐叠好,放在门口。阐师非常高兴,喃喃地说:“我终于送了他一轮明月!” (《送一轮明月》)<br /><br /> 要理解文中画线句子的含义,首先要从关键词“明月”入手,“明月”的特点是照亮黑暗,而小偷的心灵之地正缺少“明月”,这样,我们就可以理解这句话的意思:禅师以自己的行为感化了小偷,使他从黑暗的生活中走出,有了光明的人生。<br /><br />2. 结合写作手法,体会句子深层的含义。<br />例2 过了一阵之后,作家又觉得未改行,原来创作同摆渡一样,目的都是把人渡到前面的彼岸去。 (《摆渡》)<br /><br /> 从句子所用的表现手法看,这句话运用了比喻的修辞手法,把作家的作用比作是渡工“摆渡”,我们抓住他们的共同点“由此岸到彼岸”即可理解这句话的含义:作家的作用在于用自己文章中的真情实感去感染读者,引导人们净化心灵,走向精神升华的彼岸。<br /><br />3. 联系作者情感、作品主旨理解句子含义。<br />例3
这样,我们在阳光下,向着那菜花、桑树和鱼塘走去。到了一处,我蹲下来,背起了母亲,妻子也蹲下来,背起了儿子。我的母亲虽然高大,然而很瘦,自然不算
重;儿子虽然很胖,毕竟幼小,自然也轻,但我和妻子都是慢慢地、稳稳地,走得很仔细,好像我背上的和她背上的加起来,就是整个世界。<br />(《散步》)<br /><br />
“妻”的背上是儿子,“我”的背上有母亲,我们两人的背上,背负着的其实整个家庭的重担。从文章的写作意图来看,作者所要表现的不仅是中青年人对家庭的承
前启后的重任,也表现他们的社会责任感。理解了这一点,便不难理解画线句子的含义:我们(中青年人)的背上承担着整个家庭和社会的重任。<br /><br /> 我心里暗笑他的迂:他们只认得钱,托他们只是白托!而且我这样大年纪的人,难道还不能料理自己么?唉,我现在想想,那时真是太聪明了。 (《背影》) <br /><br />思考 文中画线的句子有什么含义?<br /><br />解答<br /> <br /><br />说明<br /> 要理解画线句子的含义,可以从理解词语“聪明”入手,文中所说的“聪明”,其实是事后反省自己时的自责之语,这里是反话,意思是责备自己当时“聪明过分”,其实是一点也不聪明。<br /><br />E-Learning Portalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14278228840381264582noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6291458943068820024.post-19560202539091214512012-06-13T14:19:00.002+08:002012-06-13T14:19:29.643+08:00如何整体感知文章,如何把握文章的主旨<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjai5oAfUyQaaRU0bzjxk9HSxxXsV_JRdqSVG67QeQtzevuwaaMrf7-RselBuMeaUg14izHSzily-9sqIsVp0-Nn3mB0a-oqeRXV0OJz4Aqbzqwe58tRSXYkBeXc-MM1hErbiCG_3OuA6Zk/s1600/LM5CAS95SMICAOFYU3ZCAHQ3D90CA6C8OI2CAZM1E13CAONBR7ZCAHP1UIXCAA46N1BCAD8TLLWCAZ316T1CA162OOCCA9RNS2XCAPLR3SBCANTTKXLCA3PXCLBCA3H0G1UCAJIXPCBCACO8LY8CARZ5PJP.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjai5oAfUyQaaRU0bzjxk9HSxxXsV_JRdqSVG67QeQtzevuwaaMrf7-RselBuMeaUg14izHSzily-9sqIsVp0-Nn3mB0a-oqeRXV0OJz4Aqbzqwe58tRSXYkBeXc-MM1hErbiCG_3OuA6Zk/s1600/LM5CAS95SMICAOFYU3ZCAHQ3D90CA6C8OI2CAZM1E13CAONBR7ZCAHP1UIXCAA46N1BCAD8TLLWCAZ316T1CA162OOCCA9RNS2XCAPLR3SBCANTTKXLCA3PXCLBCA3H0G1UCAJIXPCBCACO8LY8CARZ5PJP.jpg" /></a></div>
一、如何整体感知文章?<br /><br />“整体感知”是指在阅读的过程中将一篇文章看作一个不可分割的整体,通读全篇,观其大略,对材料所承载的主要意思、作品的结构特征、作者的情感态度和文章的写作意图做到完整认知、全面把握。<br /><br />在进行文章的整体感知时,一般可以从以下几方面进行:<br />1. 感知文章基本内容<br />a. 浏览标题,领悟基本内容。<br />b. 通读全文,把握材料的要义,了解文章的基本内容。<br />i. 如果是以写人为主的记叙文,要弄清楚文中写了哪些人,其中主要人物是谁,围绕主要人物选取了哪些事件来写,哪些事件详写,哪些事件略写等。<br />ii. 如果是以叙事为主的记叙文,要抓住记叙的线索和要素,弄清事情发生发展的过程,明确文中重点叙述的是事件的哪一过程。<br />iii. 如果是写景状物类的记叙文,则要弄清文中写了哪些景、物,着重描绘景、物的哪些方面,分别抓住它们的什么特点来写的等等。<br /><br />2. 感知文章思路结构<br /><br />3. 感知文章中心主旨<br /><br /><br /><br /> 一天早上,我决定尝试一种经历。我戴上眼罩,眼睛完全看不到东西,跌跌撞撞地走进屋子。我试着完成失明状态下最简单的任务:<br /> 我想喝水,却将水龙头对准自己的衣袖。<br /> 我走到冰箱前拿果冻。结果我弄出来的是花生三明治味道怪怪的。<br /> 我想看书,却看不见。<br /> 我想看电视剧,结果既看不到图像,也无法跟上剧情。<br /> 我想将一张唱片放到唱机上,却分不清我想要的唱片是哪张。<br /> 最后,我坐在起居室中央的地板上感到非常沮丧。从那天早上过后,我再也没有像从前那样看待残疾人。<br />
有一天,我想小睡一会儿,但孩子已在我床上睡着了。我不想吵醒他,于是我在他的床上躺下。真是糟糕透了!我翻来覆去,无论采取何种睡姿,床上的弹簧和床垫
老是抵着我的背脊令我无法安睡。小孩平时总是抱怨他的床,但他的麻烦一直未得到解决。现在这个问题摆在我面前,我一下子明白了。
([美]柯特•汉克思《穿着别人的鞋子走路》)
<br /><br />思考 作者在文中写了哪几件事?(用简洁的语言概括)?写这些事的用意是什么?<br /><br />解答 <br />说明 我们运用归纳法可以概括第一件事的主要内容:戴上眼罩喝水、拿东西、看书、看电视、听音乐,这是对盲人生活的尝试,结果因为诸事不便,心中非常沮丧; 通过梳理记叙的要素可以概括第二件事的内容:事情的起因——孩子睡了“我”的床,“我”无处可睡,经过——“我”睡在孩子的床上,结果——无法入睡,因此可以简单地概括为“睡孩子的床无法安睡”。<br /> 对于作者的写作目的,可以通过看标题和分析文章内容的方法来把握。这篇文章的题目《穿着别人的鞋子走路》以比喻的形式形象地告诉人们,要站在别人的角度来考虑问题;而文中所记叙的两件事都是处在别人位置上的感受,也说明了这个道理。<br /><br />二、如何把握文章的主旨?<br /><br /> 所谓主旨,是指作者写作的意图、目的。它是阅读文章的重点所在。理解文章的主旨一般有以下方法:<br />1. 分析文章标题<br />2. 分析文中的议论抒情句<br /><br />例1<br />……人生最有意义的事将会对我们产生恒久的影响,会成为我们一生中一直闪亮的灯塔,会影响到我们人生的航线和生命的质量。<br />我常常在想,生命里最有意义的事,往往就静默于你的生命之中,然而却会在你生命的某一时刻,呈现出强烈的意义来。<br />那是一年夏天的事。…… (《夏日原野上的追赶》节选) <br /> <br />这里节选的是文章的开头,它以精辟的议论开宗明义地告诉读者:人生最有意义的事情“会对我们产生恒久的影响”,“会影响到我们人生的航线和生命的质量”。<br /><br />3. 抓住文中人物的重要语言去分析<br />4. 分析文中含义深刻的句子<br />5. 运用归纳法概括文章的主旨<br /><br />
我只在故乡呆了六年,以后就离乡背井,漂泊天涯。在济南住了十多年,在北京度过四年,又回到济南呆了一年,然后到欧洲住了近十一年,重又回到北京,到现在
已经四十多年了。在这期间,我曾到过世界将近三十个国家,我看过许许多多的月亮。在风光旖旎的瑞士莱茫湖上,在平沙无垠的非洲大沙漠中,在碧波万顷的大海
中,在巍峨雄奇的高山上,我都看到过月亮,这些月亮应该说都是美妙绝伦的,我都异常喜欢。但是,看到它们,我立刻就想到我故乡那苇坑上面和水中的那个小月
亮。对比之下,无论如何我也感到,这些广阔世界的大月亮,万万比不上我那心爱的小月亮。不管我离开我的故乡多少万里,我的心立刻就飞来了。我的小月亮,我
永远忘不掉你! (《月是故乡明》节选)<br /><br />思考 作者描写世界各地美妙绝伦的月亮,其用意是什么?<br /><br />解答<br /> <br />说明<br />
无论是在风光旖旎的瑞士莱茫湖上、平沙无垠的非洲大沙漠中,还是在碧波万顷的大海中、巍峨雄奇的高山上,作者所见到的月亮,都比不上在家乡所看到的月亮,
它们无时无刻不勾起作者对家乡那轮月亮的思念。因此,写世界各地的月亮,目的是为了和故乡的月亮形成对比,突出作者对故乡的思念之情。E-Learning Portalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14278228840381264582noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6291458943068820024.post-8955411472506778172012-06-13T14:17:00.000+08:002012-06-13T14:17:14.907+08:00TEKNIK-TEKNIK MENJAWAB SOALAN PEMAHAMAN B.CINA<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaz89aE3HExAlLP_-WnNBhXBPI2sCzjXBA7lVmwL_j8NrSDex9pQjde_OYFiH2Xi_4ITJ52s1zN66zqrlLt3Ni4vo13n_ktYyrGj1rtDjg933_G427bDAhVa_gjHUXHJ1luvffyxNqMCRn/s1600/314752_250629594975247_100000846243035_713815_1034737706_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaz89aE3HExAlLP_-WnNBhXBPI2sCzjXBA7lVmwL_j8NrSDex9pQjde_OYFiH2Xi_4ITJ52s1zN66zqrlLt3Ni4vo13n_ktYyrGj1rtDjg933_G427bDAhVa_gjHUXHJ1luvffyxNqMCRn/s200/314752_250629594975247_100000846243035_713815_1034737706_n.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
</h3>
<div class="post-header">
</div>
现代文阅读理解<br /><br />近年来,“现代文理解”在大马教育文凭华文试卷二所占的“地位”日趋重要,越来越具挑战性,对学生的阅读能力要求也越来越高。许多考生在现代文理解一环答不到点上,这反映出学生阅读能力发展的不全面。因此,考生们应在这方面加强本身的阅读与理解能力。<br /><br /> 现代文阅读理解训练是一个长期积累的过程,它的提高需要学生进行相关知识与技巧的积累,需要一篇又一篇地阅读文章,需要一次又一次地进行练习。只有通过持之以恒的积累,阅读解题能力才有可能进入游刃有余的境界。<br /><br /> 考生在阅读篇章时,要尽量要求自己能做到以下几点:<br /><br />1 能理清文章的思路;<br />2 能初步领悟作品的内涵;<br />3 能从中获得对自然、社会、人生的有益启示;<br />4 能品味作品中富有表现力的语言;<br />5 能联系文化背景对作品的思想感情作出自己的评价;<br />6 能对作品中感人的情景和形象说出自己的体验;<br />7 了解作品几种常用的描写方法及其作用。E-Learning Portalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14278228840381264582noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6291458943068820024.post-7637438426513199152012-06-13T14:03:00.001+08:002012-06-13T14:03:20.543+08:00PMR Literature- ONE INCIDENT of The Phantom of the Opera<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0rzM-abvP9ZrLQJLi2yfeohU41MlPCS9maT6ZRAPT9fduoEL4EN0_iMBn_2UTfdWekw5hpnVqX67jgKWRy5T6QufnGy_rw9yhNxOSxRONWEJnkbrc0B4Y7xSLGXhQAPp_JkgxWs1rzZD3/s1600/images.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0rzM-abvP9ZrLQJLi2yfeohU41MlPCS9maT6ZRAPT9fduoEL4EN0_iMBn_2UTfdWekw5hpnVqX67jgKWRy5T6QufnGy_rw9yhNxOSxRONWEJnkbrc0B4Y7xSLGXhQAPp_JkgxWs1rzZD3/s1600/images.jpg" /></a></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Choose <b><i style="background-color: yellow;">one of the novels</i></b> above. Then, write about <b><i style="background-color: yellow;">an incident</i></b> that you think is important. [PMR 2008]</span></span></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="height: 62px; margin-left: 226px; margin-top: 1px; position: absolute; width: 505px; z-index: 251658240;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><u>Key phrases:</u></span></span></div>
<ul style="line-height: 150%;">
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">one novel - <span style="line-height: 150%;">choose <b><u>ONE novel</u></b> only. </span></span></span> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">an incident - <span style="line-height: 150%;">Choose <b><u>ONE incident</u></b> that you think is important.</span></span> </li>
</ul>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 24px;"><u><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"></span></u></span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 24px;"><u><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 24px;"><u><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></u></span></span></span></u></span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 24px;"><u><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Sample answer with explanation:</span></u></span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 24px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 24px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"></span></span></span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-collapse: collapse; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; width: 337.1pt;" valign="top" width="449"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">SAMPLE ANSWER</span></b></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; width: 141.7pt;" valign="top" width="189"><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">EXPLANATION</span></b></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; width: 337.1pt;" valign="top" width="449"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"> The novel which I have read is The Phantom of the Opera by Gaston Leroux. </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: magenta;">The story is about a love triangle involving Erik, Christine Daae and Raoul. </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #38761d;">I found that the disappearance of Christine Daae was very important in the story.</span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: medium none; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; width: 141.7pt;" valign="top" width="189"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><u>Introduction</u></span></div>
<ul>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">State the novel that you choose and state the author of the novel</span> </li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: magenta; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">State briefly what the novel is about</span> </li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #38761d; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Write one statement that answers the question</span> </li>
</ul>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; width: 337.1pt;" valign="top" width="449"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">
On the night that Raoul planned to run off with Christine, Erik
kidnapped her and took her to his house on the lake. Driven by strong
determination, Raoul and the Persian ventured into the underground of
the Opera House in the quest of rescuing Christine. Nevertheless, they
fell into Erik’s trap. They were tortured to death in the room of
mirrors and suffered from thirst from the intense heat in the room. They
were unable to help Christine.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: medium none; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; width: 141.7pt;" valign="top" width="189"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<u><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Evidence 1 + detail</span></u></div>
<ul>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Write the sequence of the incident in detail.</span> </li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Who were involved?</span> </li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Where the incident took place?</span> </li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">What happened?</span> </li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Why & when it happened?</span> </li>
</ul>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"></span><br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; width: 337.1pt;" valign="top" width="449"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">
In order to save Raoul and the Persian’s lives, Christine made a
sacrifice by telling Erik that she was willing to marry him. Despite
Erik’s hideous face, she agreed to be Erik’s wife. She kissed Erik
lovingly on his ugly mouth. Her kindness touched Erik’s heart. Then,
Erik set Christine, Raoul and the Persian free.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: medium none; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; width: 141.7pt;" valign="top" width="189"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<u><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Evidence 2 + detail</span></u></div>
<ul>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Write the sequence of the incident in detail.</span> </li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Who were involved?</span> </li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Where the incident took place?</span> </li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">What happened?</span> </li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Why & when it happened?</span> </li>
</ul>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; width: 337.1pt;" valign="top" width="449"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">
This incident is very important because we learnt that Erik was
not at all evil and that he too, was a human with a heart. We also
learnt that the Persian was a helpful person and he knew Erik quite
well. Apart from that, we learnt that Christine was a very nice young
lady and she had a kind soul. Besides that, Raoul was very much in love
with Christine and he was willing to look for her even though she was
captured by the Phantom of the Opera, Erik. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: medium none; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; width: 141.7pt;" valign="top" width="189"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<u><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Evidence 3 + detail</span></u></div>
<ul>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Write on why you think this incident is important</span> </li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">What are the moral values from this incident</span> </li>
</ul>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"></span><br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; width: 337.1pt;" valign="top" width="449"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">
I think the disappearance of Christine Daae was very important
in the story because there are lots of lessons that can be learnt from
the characters’ involved.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1pt solid; border-top: medium none; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; width: 141.7pt;" valign="top" width="189"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><u>Conclusion</u></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Briefly state why the incident mentioned is important</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>E-Learning Portalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14278228840381264582noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6291458943068820024.post-51452205679030864932012-06-13T13:59:00.001+08:002012-06-13T13:59:41.522+08:00How to answer PMR Paper 2 - Section C (Literature)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8NFFdB2Pln9m_2nsDhyphenhyphenZnmiiX5AiOipJaDWKKh2nCY_ov8UZptbgMA3IxJsl2sXwkcdYlFbWqyAvCKyD0XLwYI0kpj40gyA2KTYmRV8_cCkuArcxd-MKMkxKwDSAtvuUnPMZ4gKAgd5WG/s1600/SUYCAVUC3J8CAGFD466CAC4HBQNCAQOGV6KCATCLG1KCAT7KH2ZCAPRP5B4CAQL4GBHCA8T3KQCCANH2ARBCAZTP2PVCAKE4TG0CAS5WLCKCAQATOUOCA0KB560CA89XRA9CASXHTG5CAZ9BMFRCAG01QN6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8NFFdB2Pln9m_2nsDhyphenhyphenZnmiiX5AiOipJaDWKKh2nCY_ov8UZptbgMA3IxJsl2sXwkcdYlFbWqyAvCKyD0XLwYI0kpj40gyA2KTYmRV8_cCkuArcxd-MKMkxKwDSAtvuUnPMZ4gKAgd5WG/s1600/SUYCAVUC3J8CAGFD466CAC4HBQNCAQOGV6KCATCLG1KCAT7KH2ZCAPRP5B4CAQL4GBHCA8T3KQCCANH2ARBCAZTP2PVCAKE4TG0CAS5WLCKCAQATOUOCA0KB560CA89XRA9CASXHTG5CAZ9BMFRCAG01QN6.jpg" /></a></div>
<h3 class="post-title entry-title">
<a href="http://teachernuha.blogspot.com/2011/09/how-to-answer-pmr-paper-2-section-c.html" style="background-color: #f3f3f3; color: black;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></a><span style="background-color: cyan; font-size: medium;"> </span></h3>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">PMR candidates, you are encouraged to use the following framework in order to answer Paper 2 - Section C (Literature):</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b><u>PARAGRAPH 1</u></b></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"></span><br />
<ol>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">State the novel that you choose (ONE novel only). </span> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"></span></li>
<li>State the author of the novel. </li>
<li>State briefly what the novel is about. </li>
<li>Write one statement that answers the question. </li>
</ol>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">You may start Paragraph 1 using one of the following phrase:</span><br />
<ul>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The novel I have chosen is…</span> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"></span></li>
<li>I like to choose…. </li>
<li>The novel I have studied is….. </li>
</ul>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Example on how to start Paragraph 1:</span><br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><i>
The novel I have chosen is The Phantom of The Opera
written by …… The story is about a love triangle involving Erik,
Christine Daae and Raoul. ………………………………………………</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b><u>PARAGRAPH 2</u></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Evidence 1 + Detail</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b><u>PARAGRAPH 3</u></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Evidence 2 + Detail</span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><u><b>PARAGRAPH 4</b></u> </span><br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Evidence 3 + Detail</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b><u>PARAGRAPH 5</u></b></span></div>
<ul>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Conclusion (compulsory)</span> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"></span></li>
<li>One sentence only </li>
</ul>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><i>*Minimum two(2) evidences + details</i></span>E-Learning Portalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14278228840381264582noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6291458943068820024.post-25644302533751374602012-06-13T13:54:00.000+08:002012-06-13T13:54:49.563+08:00Use "Mr. How & his 5 wives" technique.<div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">This technique refers to the "wh questions" such as:</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">
</div>
<ul>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Where?</span> </li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">When?</span> </li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Who?</span> </li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Why?</span> </li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">What?</span> </li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">How?</span> </li>
</ul>
<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">By using the following picture, form as many questions as you can using the "wh questions".</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkgRSV5TaC-N14ptGRFG2DDhGAGGuD8SrftOSVaStMZ5Fi5yLemm2Q6YcJPJKIxcx09AhVFd6QAoHZnYTmlL8lEAZs9isgckMQ-dDBNX4-u1LBE31x1Wzv16y_vdhjfujXzX1KP0R5eUr6/s1600/pic1_sectA_pmr2007.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="229" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkgRSV5TaC-N14ptGRFG2DDhGAGGuD8SrftOSVaStMZ5Fi5yLemm2Q6YcJPJKIxcx09AhVFd6QAoHZnYTmlL8lEAZs9isgckMQ-dDBNX4-u1LBE31x1Wzv16y_vdhjfujXzX1KP0R5eUr6/s320/pic1_sectA_pmr2007.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><i>(Click on the picture to enlarge)</i></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><i><br /></i></span></div>
<ul>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Where did they travel to?</span> </li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">When did they go?</span> </li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Who were in the car?</span> </li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Why did they go there?</span> </li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">What were the children/mother/father doing in the car?</span> </li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">How was the weather?</span> </li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">How was the road condition?</span> </li>
</ul>E-Learning Portalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14278228840381264582noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6291458943068820024.post-64826919185239165802012-06-13T13:50:00.001+08:002012-06-13T13:50:53.475+08:00Konsep 'tense' (telah / sedang / akan)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeHCJfBi6VYlkdvDRQRWlIikV92a3aeu1AG6fraw-yB2fNaTIKPVJyZvAPTgYP3Cw5M2FYBVGdzhMku7E9CClRROsZwUKcL11Jjghn_a8qvw2N6ixJneo0DPkzgr1nBqPXL1bNGswCxQz1/s1600/i2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeHCJfBi6VYlkdvDRQRWlIikV92a3aeu1AG6fraw-yB2fNaTIKPVJyZvAPTgYP3Cw5M2FYBVGdzhMku7E9CClRROsZwUKcL11Jjghn_a8qvw2N6ixJneo0DPkzgr1nBqPXL1bNGswCxQz1/s1600/i2.jpg" /></a></div>
<h3 style="color: cyan; margin: 0pt;">
<u><span style="color: black;"><br /></span></u></h3>
<div id="div_konsep_tense" style="color: cyan; margin: 0pt;">
<span style="color: black;">Dalam bahasa Inggeris terdapat konsep
'tense' dimana dengannya kita dapat mengetahui atau memberitahu melalui
satu perkataan bahawa suatu perbuatan, aktibiti atau keadaan telah
berlaku, sedang berlaku, akan berlaku atau sepatutnya berlaku.</span><br />
<span style="color: black;">Contoh :</span><br />
<pre><span style="color: black;">eat - makan
I eat rice - saya makan nasi
I do not eat iron - saya tidak makan besi
I ate - saya sudah makan
I will eat - saya pasti akan makan
I am eating - saya sedang makan (sekarang)
I was eating - saya sedang makan (ketika itu)
I have eaten the fish - saya pernah makan ikan itu
(dan mungkin makannya lagi)
I had eaten the fish - saya pernah makan ikan itu
(dan tak akan makan lagi)
I had been eating - saya sedang makan (pada masa itu)
I will be eating - saya akan sedang makan
(pada masa itu)
I will have eaten - saya akan sudah habis makan
(pada masa itu)
I will have been eating - saya akan sudah makan
I should have been eating
- saya sepatutnya sudah makan
speak - cakap
I speak English - saya cakap Inggeris
I do not speak Iban - saya tidak cakap bahasa Iban
I spoke - saya sudah cakap
I will speak - saya pasti akan cakap
I am speaking - saya sedang bercakap (sekarang)
I was speaking - saya sedang bercakap (ketika itu)
I have spoken - saya pernah bercakap
(dan mungkin bercakap lagi)
I had spoken - saya pernah bercakap
(dan tak akan bercakap lagi)
I had been speaking - saya sedang bercakap (pada masa itu)
I will be speaking - saya akan sedang bercakap
(pada masa itu)
I will have spoken - saya akan sudah habis bercakap
(pada masa itu)
I will have been speaking - saya akan sudah bercakap
</span></pre>
</div>E-Learning Portalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14278228840381264582noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6291458943068820024.post-45505303070697963792012-06-12T16:51:00.003+08:002012-06-12T16:51:57.075+08:00Acid-base Titration<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_4120" style="width: 450px;">
<a href="http://berryberryeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/DSC01184re.jpg"><img alt="Sodium hydroxide" class="size-full wp-image-4120" height="300" src="http://berryberryeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/DSC01184re.jpg" title="DSC01184re" width="450" /></a>
<div class="wp-caption-text">
Sodium hydroxide</div>
</div>
<strong>Acid-base Titration</strong><br />
<ul>
<li>Titration – a <span style="text-decoration: underline;">quantitative</span> analysis method to determine the <span style="text-decoration: underline;">volume</span> of an <span style="text-decoration: underline;">acid</span> that is required to <span style="text-decoration: underline;">neutralise</span> a <span style="text-decoration: underline;">fixed volume of an alkali</span> / a quantitative analysis method to determine the volume of an alkali that is required to neutralise a fixed volume of an acid.</li>
<li>End point of a titration – a <span style="text-decoration: underline;">point </span>which <span style="text-decoration: underline;">neutralisation</span> occurs when the acid has <span style="text-decoration: underline;">completel</span>y neutralised the alkali / the alkali has <span style="text-decoration: underline;">completely</span> neutralised the acid.</li>
<li>Reactants: Acid and alkali</li>
<li>Products: Salt and water</li>
<li>End point can be determined by (i) the use of acid-base indicators
during titration, (ii) measuring the pH values of the solution during
titration and (iii) measuring the electrical conductivity of solution
during titration.</li>
</ul>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="140"><strong>Indicator</strong></td>
<td valign="top" width="85"><strong>Alkali</strong></td>
<td valign="top" width="94"><strong>Neutral</strong></td>
<td valign="top" width="95"><strong>Acid</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="140"><strong>Litmus</strong></td>
<td valign="top" width="85">Blue</td>
<td valign="top" width="94">Orange</td>
<td valign="top" width="95">Red</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="140"><strong>Methyl orange</strong></td>
<td valign="top" width="85">Yellow</td>
<td valign="top" width="94">Orange</td>
<td valign="top" width="95">Red</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="140"><strong>Phenolphthalein</strong></td>
<td valign="top" width="85">Pink</td>
<td valign="top" width="94">Colourless</td>
<td valign="top" width="95">Colourless</td></tr>
</tbody></table>Boon Keathttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07149351814358579823noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6291458943068820024.post-63290035647751185072012-06-12T16:51:00.001+08:002012-06-12T16:51:30.331+08:00Neutralisation<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_4120" style="width: 450px;">
<a href="http://berryberryeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/DSC01184re.jpg"><img alt="Sodium hydroxide" class="size-full wp-image-4120" height="300" src="http://berryberryeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/DSC01184re.jpg" title="DSC01184re" width="450" /></a>
<div class="wp-caption-text">
Sodium hydroxide</div>
</div>
<strong>Neutralisation</strong><br />
<ul>
<li>Neutralisation = a <span style="text-decoration: underline;">reaction</span> between an <span style="text-decoration: underline;">acid</span> and a <span style="text-decoration: underline;">base/alkali</span> to produce <span style="text-decoration: underline;">salt</span> and <span style="text-decoration: underline;">water</span> only.</li>
<li>Acid + alkali –> salt + water</li>
<li>Ionic equation of neutralisation: H<sup>+</sup>(aq) + OH<sup>-</sup>(aq) –> H<sub>2</sub>O(l)</li>
</ul>
<strong>Application of Neutralisation Reactions in Daily Life</strong><br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="121">Digestive juices in stomach</td>
<td valign="top" width="321"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Break up foo</span>d (only in acidic condition) and maintained at <span style="text-decoration: underline;">pH</span> of between<span style="text-decoration: underline;"> 1 and 2</span>,</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="121">Insect stings</td>
<td valign="top" width="321">Bees and ants inject an acidic liquid into the skin but wasps inject an alkaline liquid.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="121">Toothpaste</td>
<td valign="top" width="321">An <span style="text-decoration: underline;">alkaline </span>compound (magnesium hydroxide) in toothpastes <span style="text-decoration: underline;">neutralises the organic acids</span> produced by the food.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="121">pH of the swimming pool</td>
<td valign="top" width="321">Calcium hypochlorite, Ca(OCl)<sub>2</sub> is added to the water.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="121">Latex industries</td>
<td valign="top" width="321">Ammonia is used to <span style="text-decoration: underline;">neutralise the organic acid</span> produces by bacteria to prevent coagulation.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="121">Neutralisation</td>
<td valign="top" width="321">Manufacture fertilisers, soaps and detergents</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="121">Effluent from factories</td>
<td valign="top" width="321">It can be <span style="text-decoration: underline;">treated with lime</span>.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="121">Sulphuric acid</td>
<td valign="top" width="321">Manufacture of dyes, explosives, steel, fertilisers, paints and plastics.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="121">Soil treatment</td>
<td valign="top" width="321">Plants grow best when <span style="text-decoration: underline;">the pH of the soil</span> is about <span style="text-decoration: underline;">7</span>.
The soil is too acidic, quick lime (calcium oxide) or slaked lime
(calcium hydroxide) is added to the soil to neutralise the excess
acid.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>Boon Keathttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07149351814358579823noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6291458943068820024.post-12958871695385351852012-06-12T16:50:00.002+08:002012-06-12T16:50:55.654+08:00Concentration of Acids and Alkalis<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_4120" style="width: 450px;">
<a href="http://berryberryeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/DSC01184re.jpg"><img alt="Sodium hydroxide" class="size-full wp-image-4120" height="300" src="http://berryberryeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/DSC01184re.jpg" title="DSC01184re" width="450" /></a>
<div class="wp-caption-text">
Sodium hydroxide</div>
</div>
<strong>Concentration of Acids and Alkalis</strong><br />
<ul>
<li>Quantity of solute can be measured in grams or moles: g dm<sup>-3</sup> or mol dm<sup>-3</sup>.</li>
<li>Concentration (g dm<sup>-3</sup>) = mass of solute (g) / volume of solution (dm<sup>3</sup>)</li>
<li>Concentration (mol dm<sup>-3</sup>) = number of moles of solute (mol) / volume of solution (dm<sup>3</sup>)</li>
</ul>
<strong>Relationship between Number of Moles with Molarity and Volume of a Solution</strong><br />
<ul>
<li>Molarity (mol dm<sup>-3</sup>) = number of moles of solution (mol) / volume of solution (dm<sup>3</sup>)</li>
<li>M = molarity of solution (mol dm<sup>-3</sup>), V = Volume of solution (dm<sup>3</sup>), n = Number of moles of solute (mol)</li>
<li>M = n/V</li>
</ul>
<strong>Preparation of Standard Solutions</strong><br />
<ul>
<li>Standard solution = a solution in which its <span style="text-decoration: underline;">concentration</span> is <span style="text-decoration: underline;">accurately known</span>.</li>
<li>Standard solution is prepared by using volumetric flask with a fixed volume (100 cm<sup>3</sup>, 200 cm<sup>3</sup>, 250 cm<sup>3</sup>, 500 cm<sup>3</sup> and 1000 cm<sup>3</sup>)</li>
</ul>
<strong>Preparation of a Solution by Dilution Method</strong><br />
<ul>
<li>Dilution = a <span style="text-decoration: underline;">process</span> of <span style="text-decoration: underline;">diluting a concentrated</span> solution by <span style="text-decoration: underline;">adding a solvent</span> (water) to obtain a <span style="text-decoration: underline;">more diluted solution</span>.</li>
<li>The <span style="text-decoration: underline;">concentration </span>of the solution <span style="text-decoration: underline;">decreases</span> after dilution.</li>
<li>The <span style="text-decoration: underline;">number of moles</span> of solute in the solution remains <span style="text-decoration: underline;">unchanged</span> after dilution.</li>
<li>(M<sub>a</sub>V<sub>a</sub>) / 1000 = (M<sub>b</sub>V<sub>b</sub>) / 1000</li>
<li>M<sub>a</sub> = Initial molarity of solution, M<sub>b</sub> = Final molarity of solution, V<sub>a</sub> = Initial volume of solution and V<sub>b</sub> = Final volume of solution</li>
</ul>
<strong>Relationship between pH Values and Molarities of Acids or Alkalis</strong><br />
<ul>
<li>pH values depends on degree of dissociation and molarity / concentration of hydrogen ions, H<sup>+</sup>/ hydroxide ions, OH<sup>-</sup> in the solution.</li>
<li>The higher the molarity of a strong acid, the lower is its pH value.</li>
<li>The higher the molarity of a strong alkali, the higher is its pH value.</li>
<li>The molarity of an acid can be changed when (i) water is added, (ii)
an acid of different concentration is added and (iii) an alkali is
added.</li>
</ul>Boon Keathttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07149351814358579823noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6291458943068820024.post-26441793980523090062012-06-12T16:50:00.000+08:002012-06-12T16:50:08.444+08:00Strong Acids<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_4120" style="width: 450px;">
<a href="http://berryberryeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/DSC01184re.jpg"><img alt="Sodium hydroxide" class="size-full wp-image-4120" height="300" src="http://berryberryeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/DSC01184re.jpg" title="DSC01184re" width="450" /></a>
<div class="wp-caption-text">
Sodium hydroxide</div>
</div>
<strong>Strong Acids</strong><br />
<ul>
<li>Strength of an acid – the <span style="text-decoration: underline;">degree</span> of <span style="text-decoration: underline;">ionisation</span> or <span style="text-decoration: underline;">dissociation</span> of the acid in <span style="text-decoration: underline;">water</span>.</li>
<li>Strong acid – an acid which <span style="text-decoration: underline;">ionises / dissociates completely</span> in <span style="text-decoration: underline;">water</span> to form <span style="text-decoration: underline;">high concentration</span> of <span style="text-decoration: underline;">hydrogen ions</span> (H<sup>+</sup>).</li>
<li>Example of strong acid: Mineral acid – hydrochloric acid (HCl), nitric acid (HNO<sub>3</sub>) and sulphuric acid (H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>).</li>
<li>Example of the strong acid reaction in water: HCl(aq) –> H<sup>+</sup>(aq) + Cl<sup>-</sup>(aq) (The concentration of hydrogen ions is equal to the concentration of hydrochloric acid)</li>
</ul>
<strong>Weak Acids</strong><br />
<ul>
<li>Weak acid – an acid which <span style="text-decoration: underline;">ionises / dissociates partially</span> in <span style="text-decoration: underline;">water</span> to form <span style="text-decoration: underline;">low concentration</span> of <span style="text-decoration: underline;">hydrogen ions</span> (H<sup>+</sup>).</li>
<li>Example of weak acid: ethanoic acid (CH<sub>3</sub>COOH) and methanoic acid (HCOOH)</li>
<li>Example of the weak acid reaction in water: CH<sub>3</sub>COOH <—-> CH<sub>3</sub>COO<sup>-</sup>(aq) + H<sup>+</sup>(aq) {The concentration of hydrogen ions is low and the ions (CH<sub>3</sub>COO<sup>-</sup> and H<sup>+</sup>) reacts to reform the ethanoic acid molecule = reversible reaction}</li>
</ul>
<strong>Strong Alkalis</strong><br />
<ul>
<li>Strength of an alkali – the <span style="text-decoration: underline;">degree</span> of <span style="text-decoration: underline;">ionisation</span> or <span style="text-decoration: underline;">dissociation</span> of the alkali in <span style="text-decoration: underline;">water</span>.</li>
<li>Strong alkali – an alkali which <span style="text-decoration: underline;">ionises / dissociates completely</span> in <span style="text-decoration: underline;">water</span> to form <span style="text-decoration: underline;">high concentration</span> of <span style="text-decoration: underline;">hydroxide ions</span> (OH<sup> – </sup>).</li>
<li>Example of strong alkali: Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution, potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution and barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)<sub>2</sub>) solution.</li>
<li>Example of the strong alkali reaction in water: NaOH(aq) –> Na<sup>+</sup>(aq) + OH<sup>-</sup>(aq)</li>
</ul>
<strong>Weak Alkalis</strong><br />
<ul>
<li>Weak alkali – an alkali which <span style="text-decoration: underline;">ionises / dissociates partially</span> in <span style="text-decoration: underline;">water</span> to form <span style="text-decoration: underline;">low concentration</span> of <span style="text-decoration: underline;">hydroxide ions</span> (OH<sup> – </sup>).</li>
<li>Example of weak alkali: ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) solution.</li>
<li>Example of the weak alkali reaction in water: NH<sub>3</sub>(g) + H<sub>2</sub>O(l) <—-> NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>(aq) + OH<sup>-</sup> (aq)</li>
</ul>Boon Keathttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07149351814358579823noreply@blogger.com